Salience of weight-related worries in adolescent males and females

Wadden, Thomas A.; Brown, Gary; Foster, Gary D.; Linowitz, Jan R.

doi:10.1002/1098-108x(199107)10:4<407::aid-eat2260100405>3.0.co;2-v

Cited by 53 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The Salience of Weight-Related Issues Scale is a 10-point Likert scale designed and used with American adolescents by Wadden et al 18 to measure the frequency of worries about specific issues. The scale was adapted for use in this study to include a measure of the intensity of these worries.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…16,17 There is relatively little known about the cognitions of children and adolescents, particularly with regard to their concerns and worries about weight-related issues. Wadden et al 18 found that obese male and female high school students who were obese reported significantly more frequent worries about weight and figure than did their nonobese peers. However, there was no relation between body weight and trait anxiety or worry about other issues, suggesting a specific effect of weight on concerns that were weight-related.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Children's weight-loss camps: psychological benefit or jeopardy?

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVES:To investigate the change in body image, self-esteem, and worries in obese adolescents attending a residential, weight-loss camp. DESIGN: A longitudinal intervention study, with a nonintervention comparison group of lean adolescents. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 57 obese adolescents (age: 13,11; BMI: 32.6 kg/m 2 ) and 38 normal weight comparison adolescents. MEASURES: Self-esteem, salience of weight-related issues, body shape preference, weight and height at the start, and end of the weight-loss camp (mean stay: 4 weeks). RESULTS: The obese adolescents lost 5.6 kg, reduced their BMI by 2.1 kg/m 2 , and BMI s.d. score by 0.28 while comparison children gained weight. Body shape dissatisfaction significantly decreased and self-esteem increased on measures of global selfworth, athletic competence, and physical appearance, in the camp attendees. This improvement took place without any exacerbation of existing worries about appearance or weight. CONCLUSIONS: While obese adolescents had lower self-worth and greater body dissatisfaction relative to the comparison children at the start of the camp, the intervention improved their psychological state. Greater weight loss was associated with greater psychological improvement, indicating the value of the intervention and the relevance of psychological change in effective treatment.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children's weight-loss camps: psychological benefit or jeopardy?

et al. 2003

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“…Empirical evidence has consistently revealed that weight and body image concerns are more prevalent in women than men (Pilner, Chaiken, & Flett, 1990;Vervaet, van Heeringen, & Jannes, 1998;Wadden, Brown, Foster, & Linowitz, 1991). Furthermore, several studies have found that weight status is closely tied to judgments of relationship desirability of women but not men (Furnham, Dias, & McClelland, 1998;Singh & Young, 1995;Smith, Waldorf, & Trembath, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in implicit weight identity

Grover

Keel

Mitchell

2003

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective: This study examined gender differences in explicit and implicit attitudes toward overweight and explicit and implicit weight identity. Method: Normal weight women (n ¼ 22) and men (n ¼ 20) and overweight women (n ¼ 20) and men (n ¼ 21) completed the Implicit Association Test and portions of the Eating Disorders Questionnaire. Results: Although explicit and implicit anti-fat attitudes were ubiquitous, gender differences emerged for weight identity. Both men and women provided accurate explicit appraisals of their weight status. However, men implicitly identified themselves as light regardless of actual weight status. Women's implicit weight identity was associated with their actual weight status, explicit weight appraisal, and implicit self-esteem. Discussion: These findings may provide additional insight into why men are underrepresented among those seeking weight loss and why women are at increased risk for developing eating disorders.

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“…Women consistently report greater weight and body image concerns than men (e.g., Wadden, Brown, Foster, & Linowitz, 1991). And, consistent with the other importance moderators, research shows significant consistency between implicit and explicit weight identity for women but not for men (Grover, Keel, & Mitchell, 2003).…”

Section: Representational Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

What moderates implicit—explicit consistency?

Hofmann¹,

Gschwendner²,

Nosek³

2005

European Review of Social Psychology

178

145

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Implicit and explicit indicators of attitudes or personality traits are positively, and variably, related. This review places the question of implicit -explicit consistency into the tradition of attitude/trait -behaviour consistency (e.g., Wicker, 1969). Drawing on dual-process models, such as the recent distinction between associative and propositional representations (Strack & Deutsch, 2004), we identify a working model of implicit -explicit consistency that organises the empirical evidence on implicit -explicit moderation into five factors: translation between implicit and explicit representations (e.g., representational strength, awareness), additional information integration for explicit representations (e.g., need for cognition), properties of explicit assessment (e.g., social desirability concerns), properties of implicit assessment (e.g., situational malleability), and research design factors (e.g., sampling bias, measurement correspondence).A significant proportion of psychological research over the last three decades concerns the automatic nature of information processing (Bargh, 1997;Khilstrom, 1999;Wegner & Bargh, 1998). Theory and empirical data have broadened notions of core psychological concepts like attitudes, stereotypes, self-concept, goals, personality, and self-esteem to include not Correspondence should be addressed to Wilhelm Hofmann, Fachbereich 8 -Psychologie Universita¨t Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany. Email: hofmannw@ uni-landau.de Preparation of this chapter was supported by a grant from the German Science Foundation (DFG) to Manfred Schmitt (Schm 1092/5-1) and by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health to Brian Nosek (R01 MH-068447). We would like to thank Rainer Banse, Boris Egloff, Malte Friese, Bertram Gawronski, and Jane Thompson for valuable comments on an earlier version of this chapter.EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2005, 16, 335 -390 2005 European Association of Experimental Social Psychology http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/pp/10463283.html DOI: 10.1080/10463280500443228 just the explicit assessments that are products of introspection, but also implicit components of these constructs that may occur outside of conscious awareness or control (Asendorpf, Banse, & Mu¨cke, 2002;Greenwald & Banaji, 1995;Wilson, Lindsey, & Schooler, 2000). Whereas implicit constructs are assumed to operate automatically and may be inaccessible to conscious experience, their explicit counterparts are conceptualised as reflective (conscious) and capacity-consuming mental representations that influence action through deliberation (e.g., Bargh, 1994;Greenwald & Banaji, 1995). This distinction plays a role in a variety of dual-process theories that distinguish two modes of information processing such as implicit vs explicit (Greenwald & Banaji, 1995;Wilson et al., 2000), automatic vs controlled (Bargh, 1994), impulsive vs reflective (Strack & Deutsch, 2004), and associative vs rule-based (Sloman, 1996;Smith & DeCoster, 2000). These theories share an assumpti...

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Salience of weight-related worries in adolescent males and females

Cited by 53 publications

References 18 publications

Children's weight-loss camps: psychological benefit or jeopardy?

Children's weight-loss camps: psychological benefit or jeopardy?

Gender differences in implicit weight identity

What moderates implicit—explicit consistency?

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