At a university in the United Kingdom, students from preregistration through the second semester of their third year completed a measure of psychological well-being. The results revealed that the students' psychological well-being declined over the three years of study, with the greatest declines between preregistration and the first semester and between the second and third years. Psychological distress manifested more as anxiety than as depression. (27 ref)-Leeds

Background: There is a need for a generic, short, and easy‐to‐use assessment measure for common presentations of psychological distress in UK primary care mental health settings. This paper sets out the development of the CORE‐10 in response to this need. Method: Items were drawn from the CORE‐OM and 10 items were selected according to a combination of usefulness, coverage of item clusters, and statistical procedures. Three CORE‐OM datasets were employed in the development phase: (1) a primary care sample, (2) a sample from an MRC platform trial of enhanced collaborative care of depression in primary care, and (3) a general population sample derived from the Office of National Statistics Psychiatric Morbidity Follow‐up survey. A fourth dataset comprising a sample from an occupational health setting was used to evaluate the CORE‐10 in its standalone format. Results: The internal reliability (alpha) of the CORE‐10 was .90 and the score for the CORE‐10 correlated with the CORE‐OM at .94 in a clinical sample and .92 in a non‐clinical sample. The clinical cut‐off score for general psychological distress was 11.0 with a reliable change index (90% CI) of 6. For depression, the cut‐off score for the CORE‐10 was 13 and yielded sensitivity and specificity values of .92 (CI=.83–1.0) and 0.72 (CI=.60–.83) respectively. Conclusion: The CORE‐10 is an acceptable and feasible instrument that has good psychometric properties and is practical to use with people presenting with common mental health problems in primary care settings.

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This is a repository copy of An overview of the features of chatbots in mental health: A scoping review.

This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 AbstractObjective: To review the published literature on the effectiveness of web-based interventions designed to decrease consumption of alcohol and/or prevent alcohol abuse.Method: Relevant articles published up to, and including, May 2006 were identified through electronic searches of Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, Cochrane Library, ASSIA, Web of Science and Science Direct. Reference lists of all articles identified for inclusion were checked for articles of relevance. An article was included if its stated or implied purpose was to evaluate a web-based intervention designed to decrease consumption of alcohol and/or to prevent alcohol abuse. Studies were reliably selected and quality-assessed, and data were independently extracted and interpreted by two authors.Results: Initial searches identified 191 articles of which 10 were eligible for inclusion. Of these, five provided a process evaluation only, with the remaining five providing some pre-to postintervention measure of effectiveness. In general the percentage quality criteria met was relatively low and only one of the 10 articles selected was a randomized control trial. Conclusion:The current review provides inconsistent evidence on the effectiveness of eIectronic screening and brief intervention (eSBI) for alcohol use. Process research suggests that web-based interventions are generally well received. However further controlled trials are needed to fully investigate their efficacy, to determine which elements are key to outcome and to understand if different elements are required in order to engage low and high risk drinkers.Key Words: Alcohol; Brief Interventions; Web-Based; Personalized Feedback; Systematic Review. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 3 IntroductionBrief interventions for health problems such as alcohol use disorders have been of growing interest over the last few decades (Moyer et al., 2002). Several reviews have been conducted on the effectiveness of face-to-face brief interventions in health care and treatment settings (Moyer et al., 2002;Bien et al., 1993). Results are consistent, showing that brief interventions are more effective than no counseling (Bien et al., 1993).Personalized feedback is often incorporated into brief interventions and aims to encourage behavior and/or attitude change. Studies suggest that incorporating social norms information into feedback interventions can help decrease alcohol consumption, encouraging participants to beco...