Gender differences in implicit weight identity

Grover, Vishal P.; Keel, Pamela K.; Mitchell, James

doi:10.1002/eat.10167

Cited by 68 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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Section: Representational Strengthsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Women consistently report greater weight and body image concerns than men (e.g., Wadden, Brown, Foster, & Linowitz, 1991). And, consistent with the other importance moderators, research shows significant consistency between implicit and explicit weight identity for women but not for men (Grover, Keel, & Mitchell, 2003).Another indicator of representation strength is the extent of prior experience with an attitude object (e.g., Fazio & Zanna, 1978). In two studies on condom use (Marsh, Johnson, & Scott-Sheldon, 2001), the relationship between implicitly and explicitly assessed attitudes towards condoms was stronger for people who reported having more prior experience with condoms.…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

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What moderates implicit—explicit consistency?

Hofmann¹,

Gschwendner²,

Nosek³

2005

European Review of Social Psychology

176

144

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Implicit and explicit indicators of attitudes or personality traits are positively, and variably, related. This review places the question of implicit -explicit consistency into the tradition of attitude/trait -behaviour consistency (e.g., Wicker, 1969). Drawing on dual-process models, such as the recent distinction between associative and propositional representations (Strack & Deutsch, 2004), we identify a working model of implicit -explicit consistency that organises the empirical evidence on implicit -explicit moderation into five factors: translation between implicit and explicit representations (e.g., representational strength, awareness), additional information integration for explicit representations (e.g., need for cognition), properties of explicit assessment (e.g., social desirability concerns), properties of implicit assessment (e.g., situational malleability), and research design factors (e.g., sampling bias, measurement correspondence).A significant proportion of psychological research over the last three decades concerns the automatic nature of information processing (Bargh, 1997;Khilstrom, 1999;Wegner & Bargh, 1998). Theory and empirical data have broadened notions of core psychological concepts like attitudes, stereotypes, self-concept, goals, personality, and self-esteem to include not Correspondence should be addressed to Wilhelm Hofmann, Fachbereich 8 -Psychologie Universita¨t Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany. Email: hofmannw@ uni-landau.de Preparation of this chapter was supported by a grant from the German Science Foundation (DFG) to Manfred Schmitt (Schm 1092/5-1) and by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health to Brian Nosek (R01 MH-068447). We would like to thank Rainer Banse, Boris Egloff, Malte Friese, Bertram Gawronski, and Jane Thompson for valuable comments on an earlier version of this chapter.EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2005, 16, 335 -390 2005 European Association of Experimental Social Psychology http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/pp/10463283.html DOI: 10.1080/10463280500443228 just the explicit assessments that are products of introspection, but also implicit components of these constructs that may occur outside of conscious awareness or control (Asendorpf, Banse, & Mu¨cke, 2002;Greenwald & Banaji, 1995;Wilson, Lindsey, & Schooler, 2000). Whereas implicit constructs are assumed to operate automatically and may be inaccessible to conscious experience, their explicit counterparts are conceptualised as reflective (conscious) and capacity-consuming mental representations that influence action through deliberation (e.g., Bargh, 1994;Greenwald & Banaji, 1995). This distinction plays a role in a variety of dual-process theories that distinguish two modes of information processing such as implicit vs explicit (Greenwald & Banaji, 1995;Wilson et al., 2000), automatic vs controlled (Bargh, 1994), impulsive vs reflective (Strack & Deutsch, 2004), and associative vs rule-based (Sloman, 1996;Smith & DeCoster, 2000). These theories share an assumpti...

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Section: Representational Strengthsupporting

confidence: 64%

supporting

confidence: 64%

What moderates implicit—explicit consistency?

Hofmann¹,

Gschwendner²,

Nosek³

2005

European Review of Social Psychology

176

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, the impact of weight on quality of life and life satisfaction appears to be much stronger for women than for men, and women place greater importance on physical appearance than men. Previous research has shown that women are more likely to have weight and body image concerns 27 , and men more likely to identify themselves as light regardless of actual weight 28,29 . Additionally, the preponderance of women as bariatric surgery patients may also be understood within the context of women's general health-seeking behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Health and health-related quality of life: differences between men and women who seek gastric bypass surgery

Kolotkin

Crosby

Gress

et al. 2008

Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases

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Background-The aim of this study was to examine differences between male and female bariatric surgery candidates with respect to health-related quality of life (HRQOL), health, sociodemographic variables, and interactions among these variables in a bariatric surgery practice in the United States. Women seek bariatric surgery five times more than men. Research on gender differences in HRQOL is limited and results are conflicting.

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“…The IAT (Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) is the most popular of the RT measures of implicit social cognition and has been used to assess numerous psychological phenomena including prejudice (Greenwald et al, 1998), sexism (Rudman & Kilianski, 2000), romantic fantasies (Rudman & Heppen, 2003), spider phobia (de Jong, van den Hout, Rietbroek, & Huijding, 2003), weight identity (Grover, Keel, & Mitchell, 2003), and self-esteem (Greenwald & Farnham, 2000). Dabbs et al (2003) previously described a PDA version of the IAT that would allow researchers to measure implicit social cognition in field settings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A portable version of the go/no-go association task (GNAT)

Bassett

Dabbs

2005

Behavior Research Methods

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The present article describes a portable version of the go/no-go association task (GNAT) that runs on Palm Pilot and Handspring personal digital assistant (PDA) devices. The PDA version of the GNAT was modeled after a portable version of the Implicit Association Test (Dabbs, Bassett, & Dyomina, 2003) and was designed to facilitate measurement of implicit social cognition in field settings and among difficult-to-reach populations. The PDA version of the GNAT was used to assess implicit attitudes about smoking among 11 smokers and 28 nonsmokers. Support for the validity of the PDA version of the GNAT was provided by findings that smokers showed less negative implicit attitudes toward smoking, as measured by the GNAT, than did nonsmokers and that these implicit attitudes were positively correlated with self-reported smoking attitudes among both groups.

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Gender differences in implicit weight identity

Cited by 68 publications

References 36 publications

What moderates implicit—explicit consistency?

What moderates implicit—explicit consistency?

Health and health-related quality of life: differences between men and women who seek gastric bypass surgery

A portable version of the go/no-go association task (GNAT)

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