Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, in response to soil fertilization

Abstract

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.) are well known disease problem causing major losses in vegetable crops. Although, chemical nematicides have been used as one of the primary means for controlling RKNs, reliance on these nematicides is associated with heavy costs and negative effects on human health and environment. In this research, the suppressing potential of 6 Iranian commercial fertilizers on RKNs was investigated in laboratory and greenhouse conditions as an alternative to reduce the use of chemical nematicides. For this purpose, M. javanica inoculum was thoroughly mixed with autoclaved sandy loam soil. Then, 6 fertilizers (biofertilizer, phosphate chemical fertilizer (phosphate), potassium chemical fertilizer (potassium), peat moss, vermicompost, and leaf mold) were added individually to the inoculated soil, according to the defined treatments. The nematicide Cadusafos was used as a positive control. A negative control was also included in the experiment (including no fertilizer and no nematicide). Four-leaf seedlings of the tomato (Super Chief cv.) were transferred to the pots filled using 2 kg of the treated soil. After 60 days, reproduction factor (RF), egg mass, and root galling of the nematode were recorded. The results showed that, fertilizer-treated soils had significantly (P≤0.05) lower root galling, egg mass, and RF compared to the negative control. After the nematicide treatment, the highest suppression capability on the RKN was obtained in treatments of phosphate, biofertilizer, potassium, vermicompost, peat moss, and leaf mold, respectively. It can be concluded that, replacing chemical nematicides with fertilizers may be considered as a successful nematode management in tomato fields.

Management of Meloidogyne incognita infecting Eggplant Using Moringa Extracts, Vermicompost, and Two Commercial Bio-products

“…The application of vermicompost as organic fertilizer rich in NPK and micronutrients has been reported to significantly suppress plant-parasitic nematodes (Ramakrishnan and Mahadevaswamy, 2011;Hemmati and Saeedizadeh, 2019;Awad-Allah and Khalil, 2019) and as an excellent promoter and protector for crop plants (Chauhan and Singh, 2015). In the present study, vermicompost derived from municipal wastes enhanced plant growth attributes in terms of shoot length (18.5%), total plant fresh weight (32.8%) (Table 4) and significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) nematode population ( 64.9%) and root galling (82.5%) (Fig.…”

Current Utility of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles in Suppression of Tomato Root-Knot Nematode

“…On the contrary, the inhibitory toxic effect of different metal nanoparticles (silver nanoparticles, silica oxide nanoparticles, silicon nanoparticles) against M. incognita has been illustrated in several reports [41,42]. In addition, many reports have demonstrated that phosphonate fertilizer (calcium phosphate) has a negative effect on egg hatching and the second-stage juveniles of M. incognita and M. javanica [43,44]. In other authors' work, 4 different fertilizers (NPK, humic acid, agro-health, and azotobarvar-1) were tested for their ability to manage nematode populations in vitro, and the results showed that these fertilizers reduced the egg hatching and increased mortality of the second stage juveniles of root-knot nematodes [45].…”

Tobacco Root Microbial Community Composition Significantly Associated With Root-Knot Nematode Infections: Dynamic Changes in Microbiota and Growth Stage

“…Root-knot nematode (RKN) ( Meloidogyne spp.) disease is an important crop disease that has become one of the main factors limiting sustainable crop production ( Gorny et al, 2019 ; Hemmati and Saeedizadeh, 2020 ). RKN infects plant roots and forms nodules, which hinder the absorption of nutrients and water by the roots, leading to wilting and withering; in addition, RKN infection reduces plant resistance, causes wounds, is conducive to infection by other pathogens, and often causes complex diseases ( EFSA Panel on Plant Health et al, 2018 ; Khan and Ahamad, 2020 ), such as Fusarium wilt, root rot, and bacterial diseases ( Khan and Ahamad, 2020 ; Leonetti and Molinari, 2020 ).…”