Management of Meloidogyne incognita infecting Eggplant Using Moringa Extracts, Vermicompost, and Two Commercial Bio-products

Abstract

Two greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of dried leaf powder and extractives (ethanolic, and aqueous extracts) of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) or organic fertilizer (vermicompost) and two commercial products namely BioNematon (Purpureocillium lilacinum) and Abamectin, Gold (Streptomyces avermitilis) on eggplant growth parameters and Meloidogyne incognita infection. In both experiments observed data revealed that combined applications showed better performance than did single ones. Eggplant growth parameters in terms of fresh shoot and root lengths, and shoot and root weights were remarkably improved with single application of Abamectin or BioNematon followed by plant extracts or vermicompost resulting in a significant (P<0.05) suppression in nematode population in soil and root as well as the number of galls and egg masses. However, the potential of bioagent was increased with the addition of Moringa leaf powder and significantly (P<0.05) enhanced eggplant growth and suppressed nematode population, root galling and female fecundity even no significant differences were recorded compared to Oxamyl. Vermicompost derived from municipal wastes showed a low C/N ratio (1:14) with an excess of nitrogen that exhibited nematicidal activity against M.incognita. The addition of vermicompost with such bio-agents showed a synergistic effect upon nematode population, root galling and number of females. Significant differences whether in plant growth or nematode reproduction were not detected compared to Oxamyl. Thus the current study revealed the potential of leaf powder and extractives of Moringa, vermicompost, P.lilacinum and S.avermitilis as safe alternatives to control M.incognita infecting eggplant through an integrated management program and bring sustainability to agriculture.

Controlling Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Infecting Field Dry Pea (Pisum sativum L.) by Certain Moringa Residues and Extracts

“…These compounds may dissolve the cytoplasmic membrane of nematode cells and their functional groups influencing the enzyme protein structure (Knoblock et al, 1989) They added that the extract's activity may be explained on this basis in nematode control. As shown by Khairy et al (2021), moringa leaf powder significantly enhanced eggplant growth and suppressed nematode population. Saponins are considered a group of glycosidic secondary metabolites in aqueous leaf extracts of moringa (Khairy, 2016) which have been found to have nematicidal effect in vitro against Xiphinema index, M. incognita and Globodera rostochiensis (D'Addabbo et al, 2010).…”

Integrated management of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato using combinations of abamectin, Purpureocillium lilacinum, rhizobacteria, and botanicals compared with nematicide

“…Marigold extract showed high hatching inhibition on treated egg masses (Guo et al 2020). Under greenhouse conditions, moringa suppressed galling and reproduction of M. incognita and enhanced the length and fresh weight of shoots of eggplant (Khairy et al 2021). Inhibition of egg hatching and increasing juvenile mortality of M. incognita in vitro and reduction of galling and reproduction of such nematode in vivo strongly suggest the presence of compounds that possess ovicidal and larvicidal properties.…”

“…Based on the present study, the combination of antagonistic or biocontrol agents reduced the number of galls, egg masses, and M. incognita population as equally effective to the chemical emamectin benzoate. So far, abamectin (S. avermitilis), P. lilacinum fungus, and rhizobacteria were the most effective biocontrol agents used against phytonematodes in vitro and under greenhouse and field conditions (Khairy et al 2021).…”

Application of Nematophagous Fungi and Salicylic Acid as Biological Control Agents against Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Infected Gladiolus: A Valuable Export Plant

“…It has long been known that salicylic acid (SA) increases plant resistance in so-called acquired systemic resistance (Sergio et al, 2014). Recently, Khairy et al (2021) studied the possibility of managing M. incognita infecting eggplant using moringa extracts, vermicompost, and two commercial bio-products, and resulted promising road.…”