Role of 904 nm superpulsed laser‐mediated photobiomodulation on nitroxidative stress and redox homeostasis in burn wound healing

Abstract

BackgroundBurn wound healing is delayed due to several critical factors such as sustained inflammation, vascular disorder, neuropathy, enhanced proteolysis, infection, and oxidative stress. Burn wounds have limited oxygen supply owing to compromised blood circulation. Hypoxic burn milieu leads to free radicals overproduction incurring oxidative injury, which impedes repair process causing damage to cell membranes, proteins, lipids, and DNA. Photobiomodulation (PBM) with 904 nm superpulsed laser had shown potent healing efficacy via attenuating inflammation while enhancing proliferation, angiogenesis, collagen accumulation, and bioenergetic activation in burn wounds.MethodsThis study investigated the effects of 904 nm superpulsed laser at 0.4 mW/cm2 average power density, 0.2 J/cm2 total energy density, 100 Hz frequency, and 200 ns pulse width for 10 min daily for seven days postburn injury on nitroxidative stress, endogenous antioxidants status, and redox homeostasis.ResultsPhotobiomodulation treatment significantly decreased reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation levels as compared to non‐irradiated control. Further, protective action of PBM against protein oxidative damage was evidenced by reduced protein carbonylation and advanced oxidation protein product levels along with significantly enhanced endogenous antioxidants levels of SOD, catalase, GPx, GST, reduced glutathione, and thiol (T‐SH, Np‐SH, P‐SH). Biochemical changes aid in reduction of oxidative stress and maintenance of redox homeostasis, which further well corroborated by significantly up‐regulated protein expression of Nrf 2, hemeoxygenase (HO‐1), and thioredoxin reductase 2 (Txnrd2).ConclusionPhotobiomodulation with 904 nm superpulsed laser led to reduction of nitroxidative stress, induction of endogenous antioxidants, and maintenance of redox homeostasis that could play a vital role in augmentation of burn wound healing.

The Role of Allium subhirsutum L. in the Attenuation of Dermal Wounds by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Wistar Albino Rats

“…Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in response to cutaneous injury, and act as cellular messengers to stimulate several physiological processes, such as cytokine action, cell motility and angiogenesis [ 4 ]. However, cutaneous injury affects the healing process by the overproduction of ROS and the perturbation of various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses [ 6 ], particularly during the inflammatory phase [ 7 ]. Long-term instability and high concentration of ROS may cause cellular injury by damaging both proteins and membrane lipids, the perturbation of antioxidant enzymes and the breakdown of the nucleic acids, particularly DNA [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Photobiomodulation associated with lipid nanoparticles and hyaluronic acid accelerate the healing of excisional wounds

“…Associated with these effects, some studies report the potential of PBM to significantly reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species, as well as promote a protective action against oxidative damage, evidenced by the reduction in protein carbonylation. 68 A study by Silveira 69 observed a significant reduction in oxidative damage and the production of reactive species after laser irradiation, which indicates that PBM helps in the modulation of oxidative stress; an effect attributed to its ability to restore the mitochondrial membrane potential to baseline, and thereby reduce the generation of ROS in cells with oxidative stress. 70…”

“…67 Associated with these effects, some studies report the potential of PBM to significantly reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species, as well as promote a protective action against oxidative damage, evidenced by the reduction in protein carbonylation. 68 A study by Silveira 69 observed a significant reduction in oxidative damage and the production of reactive species after laser irradiation, which indicates that PBM helps in the modulation of oxidative stress; an effect attributed to its ability to restore the mitochondrial membrane potential to baseline, and thereby reduce the generation of ROS in cells with oxidative stress. 70 The excess of free radicals and the exacerbated inflammatory response generate changes in tissue histoarchitecture that hinder the formation of new tissue, due to this, through the histological analysis of the integumentary system, we evaluated the average number of inflammatory infiltrates (Figure 8(b)), from fibroblasts (Figure 8(c)), and compaction of collagen fibers (Figure 9).…”

Preparation of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide microcapsules and its effect and mechanism on skin wound healing in rats

“…(Figure 7(d)) LPO is the product of lipid peroxidation, which is usually related to free radical damage. 55 LPO is formed by lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and other molecules in the biofilm, which causes cell damage and destroys the normal structure and function of the cell membrane and other organelles. 56 These results suggest that the degree of oxidative stress in the wound is reduced after the application of CPPM, thus improving wound healing.…”