The Role of Allium subhirsutum L. in the Attenuation of Dermal Wounds by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract

In our study, Allium subhirsutum L. (AS) was investigated to assess its phenolic profile and bioactive molecules including flavonoids and organosulfur compounds. The antioxidant potential of AS and wound healing activity were addressed using skin wound healing and oxidative stress and inflammation marker estimation in rat models. Phytochemical and antiradical activities of AS extract (ASE) and oil (ASO) were studied. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups: group I served as a control and was treated with simple ointment base, group II was treated with ASE ointment, group III was treated with ASO ointment and group IV (reference group; Ref) was treated with a reference drug “Cytolcentella® cream”. Phytochemical screening showed that total phenols (215 ± 3.5 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (172.4 ± 3.1 mg QE/g) were higher in the ASO than the ASE group. The results of the antioxidant properties showed that ASO exhibited the highest DPPH free radical scavenging potential (IC50 = 0.136 ± 0.07 mg/mL), FRAP test (IC50 = 0.013 ± 0.006 mg/mL), ABTS test (IC50 = 0.52 ± 0.03 mg/mL) and total antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 0.34 ± 0.06 mg/mL). In the wound healing study, topical application of ASO performed the fastest wound-repairing process estimated by a chromatic study, percentage wound closure, fibrinogen level and oxidative damage status, as compared to ASE, the Cytolcentella reference drug and the untreated rats. The use of AS extract and oil were also associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress damage in the wound-healing treated rats. Overall, the results provided that AS, particularly ASO, has a potential medicinal value to act as effective skin wound healing agent.

Phytochemical Profiling of Allium subhirsutum L. Aqueous Extract with Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-Quorum Sensing Properties: In Vitro and In Silico Studies

“…Allium hirtifolium [25] Allium ampeloprasum, var. holmens [37] Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester Allium fistulosum [29] In terms of the phytochemical composition, our results were similar to those obtained by Saoudi and colleagues in 2021 [20]. This team quantified the total phenols and flavonoids in A. subhirsutum cloves (methanolic extract and oil) collected from Sfax (Tunisia).…”

“…Few studies have described the phytochemical composition of the essential oil and organic extracts from A. subhirsitum plant organs (bulbs, flowers, and leaves). Our team has demonstrated that methanolic extract from hairy garlic (bulbs) helps with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer claims, and can inhibit tumor angiogenesis in a murine model of skeletal metastases [16,20]. Nencini and colleagues reported the antioxidant activities of aged 15% aqueous ethanol extract from Italian A. subhirsutum leaves, flowers, and bulbs [21].…”

“…Recent literature conducted by our team reported on the ethno-pharmacological use of bulbs for therapeutic claims, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer claims, as well as those relating to the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis in a murine model of skeletal metastases [14,15]. Based on an evaluation of our previous study, the phytochemical analysis of this plant has only been assessed by HR-LCM for methanolic extract; the results from this indicate that it contains various phytoconstituents, particularly polyphenols and flavonoids, along with several other bioactive compounds [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Whole plant is used in the popular medicine in Sardinia (Italy) due to its anti-hemorrhoidal, blood pressure regulation, and purifying action [22].…”

Progress in the Use of Hydrogels for Antioxidant Delivery in Skin Wounds

“…A prolonged inflammatory response is characterized by the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and the damaged expression of growth factors, e.g., transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Another characteristic of chronic wounds includes the dysregulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides structural support to the skin; in particular, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is increased, leading to a major degradation of ECM proteins (mainly collagen) at the same time that the expression of tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) is decreased, affecting the ECM synthesis and degradation balance and leading to a net loss of ECM [ 11 , 12 ].…”

“…Many studies have shown that low levels of ROS are conducive to normal wound healing by stimulating cell migration and angiogenesis, but excessive ROS can hinder or even endanger wound healing, especially in chronic wounds [ 11 , 12 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Long-term instability and high concentrations of ROS will eventually lead to angiogenesis pathological damage, making blood supply and nutritional requirements unable to meet the needs of wound healing [ 17 , 20 ].…”