О. В. Погорєлова, к. е. н., професор, завідувач кафедри бухгалтерського обліку та економічного аналізу, Національний університет кораблебудування імені адмірала Макарова Л. Ю. Вдовиченко, к. е. н., доцент кафедри економічної політики та безпеки, Національний університет кораблебудування імені адмірала Макарова С. М. Бєлоусова, доцент кафедри сучасних мов, Національний університет кораблебудування імені адмірала Макарова
ЛЮДСЬКИЙ КАПІТАЛ В УКРАЇНІ: СТАН, ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ЙОГО РОЗВИТКУ У ПОВОЄННИЙ ПЕРІОД
The task of the study is to review the process of providing the economy of Ukraine with human capital in the pre-war period and the period of the Russian-Ukrainian war and to identify trends in its further development. In connection with this, the article analyzes the level of provision of the economy of Ukraine with human capital. The methodology of such an analysis is based on the analysis of two eight-year statistical periods in Ukraine: data for the period 2006-2013 (pre-war period) and data for the period 2014-2021 (the war period before the start of a full-scale invasion). Analytical data on the state of labor supply of Ukrainian business in 2022-2023 were also studied. Based on the calculations, the following was established: the available potential of the labor force in Ukraine has significantly decreased, and as a result of the ongoing war in Ukraine, this trend will continue; among the list of risks that will have the greatest impact on the workforce in the period 2023-2027, which are: political instability, migration, education and vitality of the workforce, economic inequality, state intervention (tax and labor laws), cyber risks, aging and shrinking workforce, the priority in Ukraine in comparison with the world falls on political instability and migration. In order to improve the existing situation, the authors proposed a number of urgent measures in the process of providing the economy of Ukraine with human capital during the war period and promising directions for the development of human capital in the post-war period. Options for getting out of this situation are: programs to increase the birth rate and return forced Ukrainian migrants; replacing people with technology and improving labor productivity; launch of global recruiting to invite necessary foreign personnel to Ukraine; state reforms of professional technical education and higher education. Taking into account the fact that the greatest economic value is people, and the development of human capital is a healthy way to increase the economic growth of the entire country, further research should be focused on finding new solutions to the problem of the demographic crisis in Ukraine and creating the necessary conditions for the reproduction of human potential.
Завдання дослідження полягає в огляді процесу забезпечення економіки України людським капіталом у довоєнний період та період російсько-української війни і виявленні тенденцій його подальшого розвитку. В зв'язку з чим в статті проаналізовано рівень забезпечення економіки України люд...