Abstract:MAIOR ACORDO comercial da História se constitui de uma Ata Final que incorpora os resultados da Rodada Uruguai de Negociações Comerciais Multilaterais e da qual fazem parte integrante listas nacionais em que se registram obrigações contratuais de redução ou eliminação de tarifas específicas e de barreiras não tarifárias ao comércio de bens, e compromissos iniciais de liberalização do comércio de serviços. O conjunto de textos de instrumentos legais negociados desde o lançamento da Rodada, em setembro de 1986, … Show more
“…The TRIPS Agreement deals with the applicability of basic GATT principles and international agreements on intellectual property; stipulated the rights of intellectual property deemed appropriate; determined measures considered effective to enforce those rights; predicted mechanisms for multilateral dispute settlement. 34 Regarding software, the agreement determined that this should become protected in the same way that literary works, for a period not less than 50 years, not allowing any form of preferential treatment for national and foreign products. The involvement of companies and business associations was decisive for the protection of intellectual property rights were guaranteed in the GATT Agreements.…”
Section: The First Movement: From the Threats Of Trade Retaliation Tomentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The rapporteur of the message from the Government to the Congress, congressman Diogo Nomura, admitted that the GATT agreement was negotiated in a disadvantageous manner to developing countries, given the pressure from industrialized countries, but recommended its adoption, since, otherwise, the Brazil would be "isolated in the international arena and subject to a discriminatory treatment". 34 The disadvantage of the GATT Uruguay Round Agreements was emphasized in the speech by deputy Haroldo Lima: "(...) the possible benefits that developing countries could reap in agreements on agricultural and textile sectors are annulled at the prospect of monopoly of developed countries over the knowledge". 35 This congressman and other members pointed out what, in their view, was a contradiction of the Uruguay Round of GATT: while agreements on material goods followed a liberalizing line, there was a hardening of commercial interactions of knowledge intensive goods, with a tendency to perpetuate a monopoly of developing countries on the intangible assets.…”
Section: The First Movement: From the Threats Of Trade Retaliation Tomentioning
This study contributes to the analysis of institutional change, considering the conditions in an organizational field and the position held by institutional entrepreneurs. We studied the case of the change in intellectual property rights in Brazil in the 80's and 90's decades of the last century. Data sources were interviews and document research that were analysed on their content. The examination of the process of institutional change on intellectual property of software revealed a complex interaction between two organizational fields, one local and another global. Initially protected from external threats by a market reserve policy, the local organizational field legitimated practices that have been condemned in the global organizational field. We concluded that multiple and contradictory institutions favoured the emergence of the institutional change as well as agency of powerful actors at the centre of the global organizational field.
“…The TRIPS Agreement deals with the applicability of basic GATT principles and international agreements on intellectual property; stipulated the rights of intellectual property deemed appropriate; determined measures considered effective to enforce those rights; predicted mechanisms for multilateral dispute settlement. 34 Regarding software, the agreement determined that this should become protected in the same way that literary works, for a period not less than 50 years, not allowing any form of preferential treatment for national and foreign products. The involvement of companies and business associations was decisive for the protection of intellectual property rights were guaranteed in the GATT Agreements.…”
Section: The First Movement: From the Threats Of Trade Retaliation Tomentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The rapporteur of the message from the Government to the Congress, congressman Diogo Nomura, admitted that the GATT agreement was negotiated in a disadvantageous manner to developing countries, given the pressure from industrialized countries, but recommended its adoption, since, otherwise, the Brazil would be "isolated in the international arena and subject to a discriminatory treatment". 34 The disadvantage of the GATT Uruguay Round Agreements was emphasized in the speech by deputy Haroldo Lima: "(...) the possible benefits that developing countries could reap in agreements on agricultural and textile sectors are annulled at the prospect of monopoly of developed countries over the knowledge". 35 This congressman and other members pointed out what, in their view, was a contradiction of the Uruguay Round of GATT: while agreements on material goods followed a liberalizing line, there was a hardening of commercial interactions of knowledge intensive goods, with a tendency to perpetuate a monopoly of developing countries on the intangible assets.…”
Section: The First Movement: From the Threats Of Trade Retaliation Tomentioning
This study contributes to the analysis of institutional change, considering the conditions in an organizational field and the position held by institutional entrepreneurs. We studied the case of the change in intellectual property rights in Brazil in the 80's and 90's decades of the last century. Data sources were interviews and document research that were analysed on their content. The examination of the process of institutional change on intellectual property of software revealed a complex interaction between two organizational fields, one local and another global. Initially protected from external threats by a market reserve policy, the local organizational field legitimated practices that have been condemned in the global organizational field. We concluded that multiple and contradictory institutions favoured the emergence of the institutional change as well as agency of powerful actors at the centre of the global organizational field.
“…No âmbito das regulamentações da organização, existem acordos tratando de diversas matérias, tais como agricultura e medidas sanitárias, e em especial normativas relativas à Propriedade Intelectual, que ganharam especial atenção durante a rodada do Uruguai, e por isso "não há dúvida de que o Acordo de Trips representa avanço considerável na consecução do objetivo de proporcionar maior proteção da propriedade intelectual". (LAMPREIA, 1995).…”
Section: Os Reflexos Da Implementação Do Acordo Trip's Pela Omc Na Indústria Farmacêuticaunclassified
O presente estudo tem como escopo principal tratar da inserção da biotecnologia no âmbito de proteção da propriedade intelectual, em especial nos seus reflexos no acesso aos medicamentos pela população. Coloca-se em evidência o acordo TRIP’s que instaurou a matéria em âmbito internacional envolvendo os países integrantes da Organização Mundial do Comércio – OMC, incluindo-se o Brasil. Destaca-se o embate entre o direito constitucional à saúde e o sistema de patenteamento da propriedade intelectual. Para tanto, utilizou-se em sede de metodologia o método de abordagem dedutivo e método de procedimento monográfico que propiciaram um ensaio amplo sobre a temática. Em sede de conclusão, observou-se que o patenteamento de medicamentos tem consequências drásticas no acesso a essas substâncias, contribuindo para o aumento de doenças negligenciadas e a desigualdades sociais.
“…Existem, basicamente, dois tipos de barreiras: as tarifárias e as não tarifárias (BNT As barreiras impostas pela Influenza Aviária estão enquadradas no âmbito do SPS. Lampreia (1995) afirmou que o Acordo SPS visa disciplinar o uso de regulamentos de segurança dos alimentos, sanidade animal e vegetal. O direito que os governos têm de adotar medidas sanitárias e fitossanitárias é reconhecido, bem como sua aplicação em caso de proteção à vida ou à saúde de seres humanos, animais ou plantas, sendo vedadas arbitrariedades ou discriminação.…”
Surtos de doenças animais infecciosas, tais como Influenza Aviária, FebreAftosa e Encefalopatia Espongiforme Bovina, podem influenciar o mercado e trazersérias consequências econômicas aos países afetados. Por esse motivo, este trabalhobuscou analisar os efeitos causados na demanda de importação de carnes no ano de 1997e de 2003 a 2005, período de ocorrência de surtos de Influenza Aviária. Utilizou-se ametodologia de dados em painel na estimação das curvas de demanda de carne suína,bovina e de frango. Os resultados encontrados apontam redução na demanda de carne defrango, no ano de 1997, e aumento na de outras carnes, o que indica possível substituiçãoentre essas. A partir de 2003, a demanda de carne de frango e de carne suína apresentouligeiro aumento, e apenas a carne bovina apresentou redução na demanda. Esse fatopode ser explicado pela restrição de oferta de carnes bovina e de frango, devido àimposição de barreiras sanitárias aos principais países exportadores.
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