Reference conditions and modification factors for the standardization of nondestructive variables used in the evaluation of existing timber structures

Íñiguez-González, Guillermo; Martitegui, Francisco Arriaga; Esteban, Miguel; Llana, Daniel F.

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.128

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In the moisture range 12–20%, per 1 percent rise in moisture from the polynomial function, a 1.7% decrease in ultrasonic wave velocity was obtained and for moisture in the range 50–60%, per 1 percent increase in moisture from the polynomial function, a 1.0% drop of ultrasonic wave velocity was noted. In other tests, the ultrasonic wave velocity was reduced by 1.0%; for ultrasound velocity, a correction factor with a decrease in velocity of 0.53% for each 1% increase in moisture content (in the range below 28% moisture content) was proposed for spruce [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When used to test timber constructions, they are a valuable source of information about the structure’s condition. It is important, though, to bear in mind that the results of these tests are affected by such factors as: wood species, wood defects, moisture content, temperature, microbiological factors, and wood age [ 24 ]. The influence of particular factors on selected tests and wood species are presented in the articles [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semi-Destructive and Non-Destructive Tests of Timber Structure of Various Moisture Contents

Jaskowska-Lemańska

Przesmycka

2020

Materials

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The condition of heritage and historic timber constructions depends on how they are exploited. Numerous environmental factors degrade the physical and mechanical properties of timber and hence, affect the load-bearing capacity of constructions. As a result, frequent evaluations of their technical condition become necessary. Currently, modern technologies allow for extensive diagnostics of timber constructions using non-destructive and semi-destructive methods; yet, in contrast to classical laboratory tests, there is insufficient knowledge of the impact of individual factors on the results of such studies. This article presents an assessment of the influence of the moisture content of timber elements on the results of ultrasonic stress wave, sclerometric, and resistance drilling tests. Additionally, computed tomography scans were performed on selected samples to demonstrate the destruction mechanism occurring during the semi-destructive tests. The research involved three types of wood: pine, spruce, and fir of different moisture contents. The results reveal a strong relation between the moisture of timber and all the tests conducted in terms of both hygroscopic and capillary moisture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-Destructive and Non-Destructive Tests of Timber Structure of Various Moisture Contents

Jaskowska-Lemańska

Przesmycka

2020

Materials

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“…The objective of the investigation was to determine the humidity content of the wood, its density, the wave velocity, the dynamic modulus and the quality factor of a representative sample of the old beams in order to compare these parameters to the medium in the old beams.The investigation aims to assess the technique of non-destructive character of stress waves in the evaluation of the mechanical strength in old and new beams (Íñiguez- González et al, 2015). In order to achieve this, we propose modeling the wood as an elastic material, macroscopically homogeneous with a material and elastic orthotropy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Analysis of Wood Beams by Non-Destructive Methods in Restoration Works of the Cathedral of Morelia, Mexico

Gómez

Castellanos

González

2019

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In the ceiling framework of the capitular hall of the Cathedral of Morelia, the overall state of the beams of the ceiling framework of the capitular hall of the Cathedral of Morelia was diagnosed as deplorable, for which a replacement was put underway for more recently sawed beams. The focus of this investigation was to determine the humidity content of the wood, its density, the wave velocity, the dynamic modulus and the quality factor of a sample of five new beams. These parameters were compared to the medium of five old beams. For the density, wave velocity, dynamic modulus and rigidness, there were no differences found between the old and new beams. The results suggest that the mechanical and physical properties of the new wood beams are equivalent to those of the older ones. Consequently, the strategy of substituting old and deteriorated wood beams for recently sawed ones was successful and complies with the requirements of the International Council of Monuments and Sites as referred to in the principles for the preservation of historical wooden structures.</p>

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“…Nondestructive testing (NDT) methods (needle and drill penetration resistance, screw and nail withdrawal resistance and core drilling) are mainly used to estimate density in standing trees and logs (Rinn et al 1996;Ponneth et al 2014;da Silva et al 2017), and in structural timber ( Görlacher 1987;Bobadilla et al 2007;Esteban et al 2009;Íñiguez-González et al 2015a;Llana et al 2018). Hardness has a good relationship to density (Ceccotti and Togni 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ density estimation by four nondestructive techniques on Norway spruce from built-in wood structures

et al. 2018

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Needle penetration resistance (NPR), screw withdrawal resistance (SWR), core drilling (CD) and drilling chips extraction (DCE) are nondestructive and semi-destructive techniques used to estimate density in timber structures. In most of the previous studies, these techniques were tested in clear sawn timber and clear specimens. The goal of the present paper is to study the relationship between density and these techniques by means of five different devices in whole pieces of timber from built-in engineering structures, which are from 12 4.5-m long structural timber joists of Norway spruce from a 19thcentury building in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain). Although determination coefficients (R2) for density estimation models were lower than those from clear timber, the results obtained confirmed that these four techniques are suitable forin-situdensity estimation of woods in buildings. The best results were obtained by CD (the bigger the bit, the higher the correlation), followed by DCE, and SWR. The worst correlation was found for NPR devices, but the results could be probably improved with more measurements.

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Reference conditions and modification factors for the standardization of nondestructive variables used in the evaluation of existing timber structures

Cited by 29 publications

References 5 publications

Semi-Destructive and Non-Destructive Tests of Timber Structure of Various Moisture Contents

Semi-Destructive and Non-Destructive Tests of Timber Structure of Various Moisture Contents

Structural Analysis of Wood Beams by Non-Destructive Methods in Restoration Works of the Cathedral of Morelia, Mexico

In-situ density estimation by four nondestructive techniques on Norway spruce from built-in wood structures

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