Natural color influences the decision to acquire a wood product. Sapstain is a fungal deterioration of pinewood that affects its aesthetic attributes and generally causes its rejection. The aim was to control the sapstain on pinewood with citrus essential oils. Causal agents of sapstain on pinewood were identified by molecular methods to genus level as Alternaria sp., Hypocrea sp., Trichoderma sp., and Geosmithia sp. Citrus essential oils were tested to control the fungal growth. For the treated pinewood probes, the adsorption and retention of citrus essential oils, fungal adhesion, and wood satin as fungal growth indicators were determined. The composition of the essential oils was determined by gas chromatography. Fungi were sensible to essential oils rich in D-limonene, γ-terpinene, α-terpineol, geraniol, eugenol, or β-bisabolene. Absorption and retention data suggest that 12.37±1.62 kg/m3 is the minimal amount to inhibit the fungal adhesion and growth on pinewood. Citrus essential oils control sapstain in pinewood, but poor retention should be improved.
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In the ceiling framework of the capitular hall of the Cathedral of Morelia, the overall state of the beams of the ceiling framework of the capitular hall of the Cathedral of Morelia was diagnosed as deplorable, for which a replacement was put underway for more recently sawed beams. The focus of this investigation was to determine the humidity content of the wood, its density, the wave velocity, the dynamic modulus and the quality factor of a sample of five new beams. These parameters were compared to the medium of five old beams. For the density, wave velocity, dynamic modulus and rigidness, there were no differences found between the old and new beams. The results suggest that the mechanical and physical properties of the new wood beams are equivalent to those of the older ones. Consequently, the strategy of substituting old and deteriorated wood beams for recently sawed ones was successful and complies with the requirements of the International Council of Monuments and Sites as referred to in the principles for the preservation of historical wooden structures.</p>
El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el módulo de rigidez con pruebas de torsión dinámica en probetas de madera sólida y multimaterial de Fagus crenata. Se prepararon 24 probetas de madera sólida para realizarles pruebas de torsión. Hechas las pruebas, con este mismo material se elaboraron 12 probetas de multimaterial formado por dos placas de madera sólida que cubren una malla de acero, unida con un adhesivo de dos compones de poliuretano. Con estas probetas se realizó una segunda serie de pruebas de torsión. Se realizaron pruebas de normalidad y de verificación y de análisis de varianza. La densidad promedio del multimaterial aumenta 7,2 % en relación con la de la madera sólida. El módulo de rigidez del multimaterial se incrementa 13,7 % en comparación con el de la madera sólida y el coeficiente de variación disminuye 71,1 % en comparación con el de la madera sólida. El multimaterial exhibe una mejora tecnológica por el aumento y por la estabilidad de su rigidez cuando está sometido a deformaciones angulares elásticas. De esta manera, la caracterización mecánica del multimaterial muestra su potencial de innovación en aplicaciones no tradicionales de la madera sólida en la edificación residencial.
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