Reduced graphene oxide as efficient and stable hole transporting material in mesoscopic perovskite solar cells

Palma, Alessandro Lorenzo; Cinà, Lucio; Pescetelli, Sara; Agresti, Antonio; Raggio, Michele; Paolesse, Roberto; Bonaccorso, Francesco; Carlo, Aldo Di

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.02.027

Cited by 176 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…36,46 The LN-P3HT effectively blocked the penetration of oxygen and water molecules into the perovskite; hence, the exible LN-P3HT devices stored under ambient conditions (relative humidity: 30%) for 30 days exhibited a more stable performance than the exible LP-P3HT device. [47][48][49] Fig . 7A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-performance flexible and air-stable perovskite solar cells with a large active area based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanofibrils

Park

Han

et al. 2016

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Flexible metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been considered promising wearable energy power sources. Recently, various multi-functional charge-transporting layers, with high conductivity and air stability, have been rapidly developed in order to improve device performance. The practical use of flexible PSCs requires the retention of the performance and air stability at large active areas. However, increasing the size of the active layer results in increased contact and series resistance at the interfaces of the device. This hinders the charge transport, leading to charge recombination and degradation of the device performance. Furthermore, the poor stability of organic small molecules is detrimental to longterm stability. As such, flexible PSCs based on Li-doped poly(3-hexylthiopehene) (P3HT) nanofibrils (LN-P3HT), as a hole transporting layer (HTL), are prepared by subjecting a P3HT solution to a cooling process. The nanofibrils obtained via the p-conjugation of the thiophene rings result in improved conductivity and air stability, yielding high-performance, flexible, and air-stable PSCs with an active area of 1 cm 2 (PCE ¼ 13.12%). This outstanding performance and mechanical stability are retained (PCE ¼ 12.96%) after 500 bending cycles at r ¼ 15 mm; these PSCs also exhibit a 30-day PCE retention of 87% (relative to the initial PCE) at a relative humidity of 30%. Therefore, this novel and facile strategy for preparing an efficient and air-stable organic HTL is a promising method for the realization of highperformance large-area flexible PSCs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-performance flexible and air-stable perovskite solar cells with a large active area based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanofibrils

Park

Han

et al. 2016

J. Mater. Chem. A

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“…In fact, despite that the origin of the hysteresis phenomenon is still under debate, [93][94][95] Almora et al [96] demonstrated as trongd ependencyo ft he trapping of electronic carriers or ionic charges accumulated at the contact interfaces. In fact, considering that the V OC decay trend is given by the recombination of the free charges at perovskite/ charge transport layer interface, [97] the faster V OC decay reported in Figure S2 for devices Ba nd Di ndicates that the presence of GO can activatea dditional recombination mechanismsw ith respecttot he bare Spiro-OMeTAD (deviceA). With the aim to quantitatively evaluate the effect of the SLG/FLG and GO insertiono nto the free-carrier recombination routes, V OC decay measurements are reported in the Supporting Information ( Figure S2).…”

Section: Charge-carrier Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Graphene–Perovskite Solar Cells Exceed 18 % Efficiency: A Stability Study

et al. 2016

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Interface engineering is performed by the addition of graphene and related 2 D materials (GRMs) into perovskite solar cells (PSCs), leading to improvements in the power conversion efficiency (PCE). By doping the mesoporous TiO layer with graphene flakes (mTiO +G), produced by liquid-phase exfoliation of pristine graphite, and by inserting graphene oxide (GO) as an interlayer between the perovskite and hole-transport layers, using a two-step deposition procedure in air, we achieved a PCE of 18.2 %. The obtained PCE value mainly results from improved charge-carrier injection/collection with respect to conventional PSCs. Although the addition of GRMs does not influence the shelf life, it is beneficial for the stability of PSCs under several aging conditions. In particular, mTiO +G PSCs retain more than 88 % of the initial PCE after 16 h of prolonged 1 sun illumination at the maximum power point. Moreover, when subjected to prolonged heating at 60 °C, the GO-based structures show enhanced stability with respect to mTiO +G PSCs, as a result of thermally induced modification at the mTiO +G/perovskite interface. The exploitation of GRMs in the form of dispersions and inks opens the way for scalable large-area production, advancing the possible commercialization of PSCs.

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“…41 Spray coating is also useful to deposit other materials that can be introduced into perovskite device structures. Whereas spray coating of graphene ink was demonstrated in DSCs, 42 a spray coated solution of 43 Another application of spray coating is to deposit alternatives to transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) such as a highly conductive poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) PEDOT:PSS films, which were incorporated as semitransparent anodes in highly flexible TCO-free perovskite solar cells. 44 …”

Section: -6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

et al. 2016

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To bring perovskite solar cells to the industrial world, performance must be maintained at the photovoltaic module scale. Here we present large-area manufacturing and processing options applicable to large-area cells and modules. Printing and coating techniques, such as blade coating, slot-die coating, spray coating, screen printing, inkjet printing, and gravure printing (as alternatives to spin coating), as well as vacuum or vapor based deposition and laser patterning techniques are being developed for an effective scale-up of the technology. The latter also enables the manufacture of solar modules on flexible substrates, an option beneficial for many applications and for roll-to-roll production.

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Reduced graphene oxide as efficient and stable hole transporting material in mesoscopic perovskite solar cells

Cited by 176 publications

References 119 publications

High-performance flexible and air-stable perovskite solar cells with a large active area based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanofibrils

High-performance flexible and air-stable perovskite solar cells with a large active area based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanofibrils

Graphene–Perovskite Solar Cells Exceed 18 % Efficiency: A Stability Study

Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

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