Rede Social De Apoio À Mulher Na Amamentação

Abstract

RESUMO:Esta revisão integrativa objetivou identificar evidências científicas sobre ações desenvolvidas pelos atores da rede social de apoio à mulher na amamentação. A amostra foi constituída por 28 estudos publicados em português, inglês e espanhol, entre 2002 e 2011, disponíveis na Cochrane e bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, IBECS. Estes estudos evidenciaram que a influência negativa das mães, avós e sogras, fundamentada no mito do leite fraco, a presença do companheiro na divisão das atividades domésticas, o acolhimento e as orientações dos profissionais de saúde podem determinar o início e a continuidade, ou não, da amamentação. Outros atores que poderão fazer parte desta rede não foram citados e, deste modo, o enfermeiro precisa desenvolver pesquisas para identificar essas pessoas e realizar estratégias de educação em saúde envolvendo todos os atores da rede social de apoio à mulher para a reconstrução e/ou construção de ações que deem suporte ao sucesso da amamentação. DESCRITORES: Aleitamento materno; Apoio social; Relações familiares; Saúde da mulher. SOCIAL SUPPORT NETWORKS FOR BREASTFEEDING WOMENABSTRACT: This integrative review aimed to present a summary of the knowledge published by nurses on the conceptions of the social identity of the person with mental suffering. It included 15 articles selected from the databases, submitted to the adaptation of the questionnaire validated by Ursi-2005, for construction of a summary table. Publications from 2001 to 2011 were included which presented nurses among their authors; for the search, the DESCRIPTORS were social identification and mental health and nursing. The results indicate that 66.7% of the phenomena studied in the articles refer to issues of ethnicity and all the publications revealed elements which contribute to the configuration of the social identity as a feeling of belonging, uprootedness, adaptation to a new culture, social support, political or historical-social happenings, stigmatization and autonomy. The absence of a theoretical conception of social identity in the studies did not stop the authors from listing contributions to the improvement of research and to nursing practices directed at people with mental suffering. DESCRIPTORS: Social identification; Mental health; Nursing; Mental suffering. RED SOCIAL DE APOYO A LA MUJER EN EL AMAMANTAMIENTORESUMEN: Esta revisión integrativa tuvo el objetivo de identificar evidencias científicas acerca de acciones desarrolladas por los actores de la red social de apoyo a la mujer en el amamantamiento. La muestra se constituyó de 28 estudios publicados en portugués, inglés y español, entre 2002 y 2011, disponibles en Cochrane y bases de datos MEDLINE, LILACS y IBECS. Estes estudios evidenciaron que la influencia negativa de las madres, abuelas y suegras, fundamentada en el mito de la leche debil, la presencia del compañero en la división de las actividades domésticas, la acogida y las orientaciones de los profesionales de salud pueden determinar el inicio y la continuidad, o no, del amamantamiento. Otros...

Construção e validação de instrumento avaliativo do conhecimento de escolares sobre amamentação

“…Upon individual verification of I-CVI eleven items (14,16,17,19,21,22,23,24,25,28,29) did not achieve the minimal score of 0.80, and the lowest value was 0.36 (16,23,25). In judgment of 32 items, the mean I-CVI was 0.81.…”

“…However, thirteen (1,2,3,4,7,8,14,16,17,23,24,25,28) items were identified as inadequate, and the lowest proportion identified was in item 1 (40.9%).…”

“…Concerning clarity, judges evaluated as inadequate the eight items (2,8,9,16,17,19,23,24,25), reaching the lowest proportion in item 17 (50%). Nine items (14,16,17,19,23,24,25,28,29) had inadequacy in the presence criterion. Of these, items 16 and 23 achieved the lowest values, 36.4% each, in topic about presence.…”

“…After analysis of content validation, we opted to exclude eleven items (14,15,16,17,22,23,24,25,28,29, 32) because they had values of I-CVI lower than 0.80 in the assessment of judges. In the second version of the instrument, 21 items that achieved satisfactory I-CVI were maintained (AppendixChart 2), and for this reason, we considered unnecessary to resend them for judges to be revalidate.…”

“…(12) Design of the instrument was based on an integrative review on promotion of breastfeeding in primary school, (8) recommendations of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, (1) articles about public breastfeeding, (10,13,14) constructs by Sanicola on primary and secondary school, (15) relevant people involved (partner, grandmother and nurse) (16) and supportive actions toward women during breastfeeding, including actions related with the child. This sup-port can be classified into five types: emotional (showing empathy, tenders and concern with encouragement for breastfeeding), instrumental (direct helping for care of women and their baby), information (provide counseling, suggestions and feedback on performance of women on breastfeeding), presence (stay with the woman during breastfeeding) and self-support (action on support people with themselves).…”