OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of anemia and to identify its associated factors in children aged 6-59 months. METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study on data from the Third Health and Nutrition Survey of the State of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, with a representative sample of 1,403 children from urban and rural areas. Anemia was diagnosed by means of hemoglobin assays. Multivariate analysis was performed though a hierarchical model, using robust-variance Poisson regression to estimate the prevalence ratio as a function of the following variables: biological factors, morbidity, child nutritional state, socioeconomic factors, housing, sanitation and maternal factors. RESULTS:The weighted prevalence of anemia was 32.8% overall: 31.5% in urban areas and 36.6% in rural areas. In urban areas, anemia was signifi cantly associated with maternal education, consumer goods, number of children less than fi ve years old in the home, drinking water treatment, maternal age, maternal anemia and the child's age. In rural areas, only maternal age and the child's age were signifi cantly associated with anemia. CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of anemia in children in Pernambuco was similar in urban and rural areas. The factors associated with anemia that are presented here should be taken into consideration in planning effective measures for its control.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the incidence and risk factors associated with nasal septum injury in premature infants using reused and new nasal prongs. METHOD: the study was a cohort from an open therapeutic intervention. The sample included 70 infants with a gestational age inferior to 37 weeks, who used nasal prongs and were hospitalized at the neonatal service of a hospital in Recife-PE, in the Northeast of Brazil. The data were collected in patient files through the assessment of the application of the device and of the nasal septum. Multinomial Logistic Regression and Survival analyses were applied. RESULTS: the incidence of nasal injury corresponded to 62.9%. In the multiple analysis, only the length of the infant's treatment was a determinant factor for the occurrence and severity of the injuries. CONCLUSION: the type of nasal prong does not serve as a risk factor for the nasal injury. The high incidence of nasal injury indicates the need to adapt the nursing care with emphasis on prevention.

RESUMOO objetivo do estudo foi investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados à lesão do septo nasal em prematuros sob uso de ventilação não invasiva. Estudo transversal, cujos dados foram coletados entre março e julho de 2012 por meio de busca em prontuários, entrevistas às mães e avaliação nasal de 47 prematuros, na Unidade Neonatal de um Hospital Universitário da cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, região nordeste do Brasil. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e bivariada por meio do teste qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher, utilizando o software SPSS. A prevalência de lesão nasal foi de 68,1%, associada ao baixo peso ao nascer e à duração do tratamento. A prevalência de lesão nasal na população estudada é elevada e associa-se ao baixo peso ao nascer e ao tempo de permanên-cia em ventilação não invasiva. Infere-se a necessidade de ações preventivas, como cuidados de Enfermagem contínuos, adequação dos dispositivos e educação permanente em serviço.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of using a flipchart (serial album) on maternal self-efficacy in breastfeeding and its effects on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in children's first two months of life. Method: Clinical trial in Recife, Northeastern Brazil, with 112 women in the third trimester of gestation, randomly distributed in intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). The intervention was the use of the flipchart in IG. Data collection was performed through interviews in the prenatal period, and telephone contact at second, fourth and eighth weeks postpartum. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short-Form (BSES-SF) was used to measure self-efficacy scores. In the analysis, was used descriptive, bivariate statistics through tests of comparisons of proportions and means, and relative risk assessment. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in mean values of self-efficacy scores between women in the IG and CG (p<0.001) and in EBF rates (p<0.001). The probability of exclusively breastfeeding in IG was twice as high than in CG (RR 2.2, CI 1.51-3.21). Conclusion: The use of a flipchart as an educational tool had positive effects on self-efficacy scores for breastfeeding and in maintenance of EBF in the IG. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-5N7K99. Effects of an educational technology on self-efficacy for breastfeeding and practice of exclusive breastfeeding* Efeitos de uma tecnologia educativa na autoeficácia para amamentar e na prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo Efectos de una tecnología educativa en la autosuficiencia para amamantar y en la práctica de la lactancia materna exclusiva DESCRIPTORS

Resumo Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo de prematuros na alta hospitalar, aos 15 e 30 dias pós-alta, e identificar as alegações maternas para sua interrupção. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 108 prematuros nascidos em dois Hospitais Amigos da Criança, entre abril-julho de 2014. Realizou-se pesquisa em prontuário e entrevistas por telefone. Usaram-se análise descritiva, qui-quadrado de Pearson e teste exato de Fisher, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: A prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo na alta foi de 85,2%, de 75% aos 15 dias e 46,3% aos 30 dias. A principal alegação para introdução de outros alimentos e/ou líquidos foi o leite insuficiente. Conclusões: Houve redução significativa nas taxas de aleitamento materno exclusivo após a alta, apontando a importância do acompanhamento pós-alta para reduzir o desmame precoce, sobretudo com ações educativas que previnam as insuficiências reais e percebidas na oferta de leite.

RESUMO Objetivou-se investigar as tecnologias educativas construídas e/ou utilizadas para promoção da vacinação contra o Papilomavírus Humano. Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, nas bases de dados CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, BDENF e Adolec, utilizando os descritores tecnologia, vacinação, Papilomavírus Humano, tecnologia educacional e educação em saúde. A amostra final foi de 11 artigos originais, publicados em língua inglesa. Destes, seis foram encontrados na PubMed; quatro eram de 2011 e oito foram desenvolvidos nos Estados Unidos. Em mais da metade (6), o nível de evidência foi quatro e, de acordo com o rigor metodológico, quase todos (10) apresentaram nível A. O vídeo foi a tecnologia educativa mais citada (5), além de mensagens de dispositivos eletrônicos, páginas da internet, programa de computador, radionovela e materiais impressos. Futuras pesquisas devem ser desenvolvidas para identificação de tecnologias, visando melhoria da adesão ao esquema vacinal contra o Papilomavírus Humano.

Objective: To analyse the trends and factors associated with anaemia in 6-to 59-month-old children in Northeast Brazil. Design: Cross-sectional study assessed information from the second and third Pernambuco State Health and Nutrition Surveys carried out in 1997 and 2006. A multiple regression analysis was performed from a conceptual model addressing biological and socio-economic factors, housing and sanitation conditions, maternal factors, health care and nutrition, consumption, morbidity and nutritional status. Poisson's regression with robust variance was used. Setting: Pernambuco, Brazil. Subjects: A total of 777 and 993 children, respectively, in the second and third Pernambuco State Health and Nutrition Surveys. Results: The prevalence of anaemia (Hb , 11 g/dl) decreased by 19?3 % (40?9 % down to 33?0 %) between surveys. Maternal education level (less than 8 years in school), households ranked in the lowest environmental index tertile and children between 6 and 23 months of age were the variables common to the final models in the surveys of 1997 and 2006. Elements like living in rural areas, household income less than two minimum official wages and low birth weight were still present in the final model of the 1997 survey. Households ranked in the lowest economic index tertile were associated with anaemia in the model of the 2006 survey. Conclusions: The study results are quite encouraging from the perspective of reducing the prevalence of anaemia. Maternal education level, environmental conditions and child age were determinant factors in both surveys, and economic factors were determinant in 2006.

Objectives: to review the articles published between 1997 and 2010 with representative population samples for children under six years, estimating prevalence of anemia and/or iron deficiency and their associated factors by laboratorial analyses of hemoglobin or ferritin.Methods: articles were systematically reviewed using the following keywords searched on the PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases: anemia, iron-deficiency; anemia, iron-deficiency/epidemiology; anemia, iron-deficiency/etiology; child, preschool