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Conhecimento e atitudes de profissionais de saúde sobre avaliação e manejo da dor neonatal Knowledge and attitudes of health professionals regarding pain assessment and management in neonatesConocimiento y actitudes de profesionales de salud sobre evaluación y manejo del dolor neonatal

The Preterm Oral Feeding Readiness Assessment Scale is considered valid to assist health professionals to initiate preterm feeding in view of promoting safe and objective breastfeeding.

Skin-to-skin contact promoted reduction in behavioral measures and less physiological increase during procedure. It is recommended that skin-to-skin contact be used as a non-pharmacologic intervention to relieve acute pain in stable premature infants born 30 weeks gestational age or older.

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Concordance between mother and infant salivary cortisol supports the maternal stress regulatory role in MKC. MKC may have stress regulatory benefits for mothers and their preterm infants during HL independent of PPDA. Future MKC studies that target mothers with altered mood will help to build on these findings.

This study innovates from earlier studies in 4 respects: the different phases of the procedure were evaluated separately; the breastfeeding intervention covered the period from 5 minutes before the blood collection until the end of recovery; sleep-wake state was fully assessed (not merely crying) and the sucking frequency in the experimental group was assessed during the procedure. The conclusion was that breastfeeding was effective in reducing pain caused by blood collection for newborn screening.

Future studies need to clearly define their intervention, provide a guiding framework, explain their study methods and analyses and report effect sizes. This will help strengthen validity of the intervention and support recommendations for clinical application.