Recent Advances and Challenges of Nanomaterials-Based Hydrogen Sensors

Abstract

Safety is a crucial issue in hydrogen energy applications due to the unique properties of hydrogen. Accordingly, a suitable hydrogen sensor for leakage detection must have at least high sensitivity and selectivity, rapid response/recovery, low power consumption and stable functionality, which requires further improvements on the available hydrogen sensors. In recent years, the mature development of nanomaterials engineering technologies, which facilitate the synthesis and modification of various materials, has opened up many possibilities for improving hydrogen sensing performance. Current research of hydrogen detection sensors based on both conservational and innovative materials are introduced in this review. This work mainly focuses on three material categories, i.e., transition metals, metal oxide semiconductors, and graphene and its derivatives. Different hydrogen sensing mechanisms, such as resistive, capacitive, optical and surface acoustic wave-based sensors, are also presented, and their sensing performances and influence based on different nanostructures and material combinations are compared and discussed, respectively. This review is concluded with a brief outlook and future development trends.

Characterization and Modeling of a Pt-In2O3 Resistive Sensor for Hydrogen Detection at Room Temperature

“…The slop of the linear fitting of gas response versus gas concentration at RT is 75.81454 according to Figure 2 c. Therefore, the DL = 3rms noise /slop = 1.51 ppm according to literature [ 24 , 25 ]. Additionally, a comparison between the proposed sensor of this work and recent H 2 sensors based on various sensitive materials was conducted as shown in Table 1 [ 6 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Advances in sensing mechanisms and micro/nanostructured sensing layers for surface acoustic wave-based gas sensors

“…So far, there are not many review papers which focus on the sensing layer materials of SAW devices and the inuences of these materials' characteristics on the sensing performance. A few of them are focused more on applications of wireless sensor networks in precision agriculture, 43 or basic principles and physical applications of SAW gas sensors, [44][45][46] and/or the applications of biosensing and microuidic integration into the SAW sensor. 47,48 Moreover, with the continuous improvement and development of SAW gas sensor devices, enormous progress has been made recently in the design and preparation of signicantly improved or new generation sensing layer materials.…”

Effect of Rotation on the Piezoelectric Wave Impedance Characteristics

“…Consequently in the gas sensor field, it is difficult to use directly the piezoelectric crystal device to detect gas features, etc., (Lynnworth, 1965). One may turn to the medium of slower density, like P(VDF/TrFE) (Takahashi, Ohigashi, 2009), or other technologies, i.e., adding the chemical reaction film (Wang et al, 2021), the transition layer (Surappa et al, 2018), or a resonance cavity (Dong et al, 2003) for the specific kind of gas.…”