Qualidade fisiológica, sanitária e enzimática de sementes de arroz irrigado recobertas com silício

Abstract

O tratamento de sementes com a utilização de silício em sementes de boa qualidade constitui prática para o aumento da produtividade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do recobrimento de sementes de arroz com duas fontes de silício, em seus atributos fisiológicos, enzimáticos e sanitários. Empregaram-se os cultivares de arroz Irga 424 e Puitá Inta CL e de duas fontes de silício: silicato de alumínio e casca de arroz carbonizada moída, consistindo nas doses de 0; 30; 60; 90 e 120 g 100 kg-1 (de cada produto aplicado) de sementes mais polímero e água, totalizando um volume de calda de 1 L 100 kg-1 de sementes. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada no (LAS-FAEM\UFPel) pelos testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, comprimento da parte aérea e raiz, teste de frio e emergência em campo. Para diferenciação isoenzimática, as isoenzimas analisadas foram: esterase, glutamato oxalacetato transaminase e peroxidase, para todos os tratamentos. A avaliação da qualidade sanitária das sementes foi realizada pelo método do papel de filtro ou "Blotter Test". Doses crescentes de casca de arroz carbonizada e de silicato de alumínio, até 120 g 100 kg-1 de sementes, incrementam o vigor de sementes de arroz, avaliados pelo comprimento de raiz e pela emergência a campo. As fontes casca de arroz carbonizada e caulim controlam a incidência de fungos de solo nas sementes de arroz.

Silicon Added to Common Bean Seeds: Physiologic and Sanitary Effects

“…Although, positive and significant results are verified in the production of SDM, being the data adjusted to a quadratic behavior, where the maximum point of dry matter accumulation was at the dose of 100g Si 100 kg -1 of seeds, resulting in the increase of 16% in relation to zero dose (Table 1). These results agree with other studies, which demonstrated that Si is a benefic element, that positively influences the growth rate and seedling development at initial stages when supplied with seeds coating (Tavares et al, 2012;Tunes et al, 2014;Corlett et al, 2014;Janmohammadi & Sabaghnia, 2015;Rufino et al, 2017).…”

“…There was no significant difference in the percentage of normal seedlings, obtained by the FGC, G, AG and CT tests, by increasing the Si doses in the seed coat, demonstrating that the use of carbonized rice hulls does not harmed the development of normal seedlings, as much for ideal germinating conditions as for stress conditions (Table 1). Similar results were found in coated seeds of barley, wheat and rice (Tavares et al, 2012(Tavares et al, , 2014Corlett et al, 2014;Tunes et al, 2014). However, Oliveira et al (2016) verified that improved Si doses propitiate increase in the number of normal seedlings for FGC in rice.…”

“…The distribution uniformity, due to small amounts of nutrients applied during the seeds coating process, makes the element stay in direct contact with the emission of the first roots, meeting the demands during the crop initial development and indirectly aggregating value to the seeds (Tunes et al, 2012). The silicon (Si) is a mineral element that bestow several benefits to the plants and has shown positive results during the initial development of barley (Corlett et al, 2014), rice (Tunes et al, 2014;Oliveira et al 2016) and soybean (Rufino et al, 2017). Considered potentially benefic or utile to crops, it assists in the plants defense against biotic stresses (disease and pests) and abiotic (stresses by water and salt, toxicity to heavy metals, high radiation, high or low temperature and nutrient imbalance) (Barbosa et al, 2015;Debona, Rodrigues, & Datnoff, 2017).…”

“…This plant is susceptible to many pathogens responsible for significant damages in the fields, among them are the fungus, bacteria, virus and nematodes (Bianchini, Maringoni, & Carneiro, 2005), which can be associate to seeds and, as consequence, demanding control measures (Carvalho & Nakagawa, 2012). Studies demonstrate that Si when supplied to rice via seeds, reduce the fungi in tegument incidence (Tunes et al, 2014), thus propitiating more health and vigorous plants (Dallagnol, Rodrigues, & Mielli, 2013).…”

Kinetics and Quality of Quinoa Seeds After Drying and During Storage

“…A key factor for the success of this cultivation is the quality of seeds. Seeds quality must be kept high during storage, aiming at an optimal seedling establishment in the field, in order to guarantee the economic and productive benefits aimed by the producer (Tunes et al, 2014). Drying is a crucial stage of the productive cycle of seeds (Peske & Villela, 2012), mainly employed to reduce the amount of water, delay the deterioration, and make them more suitable for storage (Oliveira et al, 2009).…”