Promoted New Bone Formation in Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis Using a Tissue-Engineered Osteogenic Material

Abstract

Bilateral maxillary distraction was performed at a higher rate in rabbits to determine whether locally applied tissue-engineered osteogenic material (TEOM) enhances bone regeneration. The material was an injectable gel composed of autologous mesenchymal stem cells, which were cultured then induced to be osteogenic in character, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). After a 5-day latency period, distraction devices were activated at a rate of 2.0 mm once daily for 4 days. Twelve rabbits were divided into 2 groups. At the end of distraction, the experimental group of rabbits received an injection of TEOM into the distracted tissue on one side, whereas, saline solution was injected into the distracted tissue on the contralateral side as the internal control. An additional control group received an injection of PRP or saline solution into the distracted tissue in the same way as the experimental group. The distraction regenerates were assessed by radiological and histomorphometric analyses. The radiodensity of the distraction gap injected with TEOM was significantly higher than that injected with PRP or saline solution at 2, 3, and 4 weeks postdistraction. The histomorphometric analysis also showed that both new bone zone and bony content in the distraction gap injected with TEOM were significantly increased when compared with PRP or saline solution. Our results demonstrated that the distraction gap injected with TEOM showed significant new bone formation. Therefore, injections of TEOM may be able to compensate for insufficient distraction gaps.

The Molecular and Cellular Events That Take Place during Craniofacial Distraction Osteogenesis

“…It was shown experimentally that the combination of mesenchymal stem cells with PRP increases new bone formation, mineralization, and mechanical property compared with the PRP-only group and is more effective for reducing the consolidation period in mandibular distraction osteogenesis. 68,69 Latalski et al 70 demonstrated in humans that injection of PRP can enhance bone healing during limb lengthening by distraction osteogenesis. The main advantage of the use of PRP was seen as a significantly shorter treatment time.…”

Stem cell therapy for enhancement of bone consolidation in distraction osteogenesis

“…As shown in Table III, different cell sources were used: autologous or allogenic bone marrow MSCs from long bone 16,20,37,43,45,48,50–52 and iliac crest, 30,38,44,46,47 autologous adipose stem cells, 48,52 and location not specified. 15,49 The number of transplanted cells ranged from 1 to 30×10 6 .…”

Autologous rabbit adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of bone injuries with distraction osteogenesis

“…Kinoshita et al (52) stated that it is vital to determine if the stem cells applied to the distracted area participate in new bone formation. In our study, we transfected MSCs with a GFP plasmid to observe if the MSCs contribute to the new bone formation and to identify the viability of the MSCs.…”

“…For the radiologic evaluation of the newly formed bone in the distraction area, the most commonly used method in the literature for radiologic evaluations, the modified Lane and Sandhu scoring system, was used (52,53). In this scoring system, bone occupancy rates, proximal and distal unions, medullary canal formation and cortex formation are of special importance.…”

“…In addition, especially compared with group III, bridging was insufficient, and callus occupancy rates were much lower. For the evaluation of the radiographic images of the animals, the modified Lane and Sandhu scoring system was used (37,38,52,53). The scores in each group and the occupancy rate of the distraction field with the callus tissue were compared.…”