The Molecular and Cellular Events That Take Place during Craniofacial Distraction Osteogenesis

Abstract

Summary:Gradual bone lengthening using distraction osteogenesis principles is the gold standard for the treatment of hypoplastic facial bones. However, the long treatment time is a major disadvantage of the lengthening procedures. The aim of this study is to review the current literature and summarize the cellular and molecular events occurring during membranous craniofacial distraction osteogenesis. Mechanical stimulation by distraction induces biological responses of skeletal regeneration that is accomplished by a cascade of biological processes that may include differentiation of pluripotential tissue, angiogenesis, osteogenesis, mineralization, and remodeling. There are complex interactions between bone-forming osteoblasts and other cells present within the bone microenvironment, particularly vascular endothelial cells that may be pivotal members of a complex interactive communication network in bone. Studies have implicated number of cytokines that are intimately involved in the regulation of bone synthesis and turnover. The gene regulation of numerous cytokines (transforming growth factor-β, bone morphogenetic proteins, insulin-like growth factor-1, and fibroblast growth factor-2) and extracellular matrix proteins (osteonectin, osteopontin) during distraction osteogenesis has been best characterized and discussed. Understanding the biomolecular mechanisms that mediate membranous distraction osteogenesis may guide the development of targeted strategies designed to improve distraction osteogenesis and accelerate bone regeneration that may lead to shorten the treatment duration.

Biological basis of distraction osteogenesis – A review

“…Summary of the cellular and molecular events taking place during craniomaxillofacial distraction is as follows [78]:…”

Residual ridge resorption, the effect on prosthodontics management of edentulous patient: an article review

“…In order to preserve the alveolar ridge and reduce the amount of stress transferred, certain general principles must be kept in mind during fabrication of complete denture. This may be achieved by having broad area of coverage under the denture base (to reduce the force per unit area) (36) . A decrease in the number of denture teeth; decrease in the buccolingual width of teeth; improved occlusal tooth design form (to decrease the amount of force required to penetrate a bolus of food) are some of the other techniques that may also be used.…”

Physiological Changes and Clinical Implications of Syndromic Craniosynostosis

“…In DO the advanced bone flap is fixed by newly formed bones. Continuous stretching stress on the periosteum caused by distraction procedure actively products various kinds of cytokines for inducing rapid local ossification 38) . As expansive cranioplasty, FOA is applied for anterior cranial deformity and posterior cranial vault expansion is applied for posterior cranial deformity.…”