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MSC-CM is a promising novel therapeutic agent to promote bone regeneration after maxillary sinus floor elevation.

Conductive films that are highly transparent and flexible are extremely attractive for emerging optoelectronic applications. Currently, indium‐doped tin oxide films are the most widely used transparent conductive films and much research effort is devoted to developing alternative transparent conductive materials to overcome their drawbacks. In this work, a novel and facile approach for fabricating transparent conductive Au nanosheets from Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) is proposed. Irradiating an AuNP monolayer at the air–water interface with UV light results in a nanosheet with ≈3.5 nm thickness and ≈80% transparency in the UV–visible region. Further, the so‐fabricated nanosheets are highly flexible and can maintain their electrical conductivity even when they are bent to a radius of curvature of 0.6 mm. Fourier‐transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations reveal that the transformation of the monolayer of AuNPs into the nanosheet is induced by the photodecomposition and/or photodetachment of the dodecanethiol ligands capping the AuNPs. Further, the UV‐irradiation of a hybrid monolayer consisting of AuNPs and silica particles affords the patterning of Au nanosheets with periodic hole arrays.

We examined influences of a blocker (glibenclamide) and an opener (nicorandil) of the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel on extracellular K concentration [( K+]e), as well as the myocardial function and metabolites during global ischemia and reperfusion in Langendorff-perfused rat heart preparation. In control hearts, [K+]e began to rise 20 s after the onset of ischemia up to an initial peak (8.3 +/- 0.3 mM) at 2.5 +/- 0.7 min, then fell to 6.0 +/- 0.8 mM after 8.2 +/- 0.7 min, and then rose progressively to 14.6 +/- 0.8 mM at the end of 30 min of ischemia. Glibenclamide (50 microM) reduced the initial peak of [K+]e to 7.2 +/- 0.3 mM (P less than 0.01), and nicorandil (200 microM) increased it to 9.4 +/- 0.6 mM (P less than 0.01). There were no significant differences in [K+]e values among all groups at the end of ischemia. During ischemia, nicorandil decreased the time to mechanical arrest from 1.9 +/- 0.1 min to 1.5 +/- 0.1 min, whereas it was increased by glibenclamide to 2.7 +/- 0.4 min. In control hearts, the time to onset of ischemic contracture was 14.7 +/- 1.8 min. Nicorandil delayed onset of contracture and glibenclamide accelerated it. Thus we have confirmed that some part of the early increase in [K+]e during ischemia is attributable to K+ efflux through the KATP channel in our model, and opening of the KATP channel may contribute to a rapid reduction of the contractility of the ischemic myocardium that subsequently protects the myocardium against further ischemic injury.

Bilateral maxillary distraction was performed at a higher rate in rabbits to determine whether locally applied tissue-engineered osteogenic material (TEOM) enhances bone regeneration. The material was an injectable gel composed of autologous mesenchymal stem cells, which were cultured then induced to be osteogenic in character, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). After a 5-day latency period, distraction devices were activated at a rate of 2.0 mm once daily for 4 days. Twelve rabbits were divided into 2 groups. At the end of distraction, the experimental group of rabbits received an injection of TEOM into the distracted tissue on one side, whereas, saline solution was injected into the distracted tissue on the contralateral side as the internal control. An additional control group received an injection of PRP or saline solution into the distracted tissue in the same way as the experimental group. The distraction regenerates were assessed by radiological and histomorphometric analyses. The radiodensity of the distraction gap injected with TEOM was significantly higher than that injected with PRP or saline solution at 2, 3, and 4 weeks postdistraction. The histomorphometric analysis also showed that both new bone zone and bony content in the distraction gap injected with TEOM were significantly increased when compared with PRP or saline solution. Our results demonstrated that the distraction gap injected with TEOM showed significant new bone formation. Therefore, injections of TEOM may be able to compensate for insufficient distraction gaps.

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