Probiotics ameliorate pioglitazone-associated bone loss in diabetic rats

Abstract

Background: Pioglitazone, as a PPAR gamma agonist, is used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, evidence showed that the therapeutic modulation of PPAR gamma activity using pioglitazone might be linked with bone mass reduction and fracture risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The objective of the current research was to inspect the preventive role of some types of probiotic strains, including (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bacillus coagulans) against pioglitazone-induced bone loss. Methods: Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) was administered for diabetes induction. Diabetic rats were fed orally with pioglitazone (300 mg/kg) and probiotics (1 × 10 9 CFU/ml/day) alone and in combination for four weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess BMD, BMC, and area of the femur, spine, and tibia at the end of the experiment. Serum glucose, serum calcium (Ca), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phosphorus (P), Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and urine calcium were also analyzed. Results: Administration of pioglitazone and probiotics alone and, in combination, significantly reduced elevated blood glucose. Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased urinary calcium and BUN and decreased ALP and creatinine. Co-treatment of probiotics with pioglitazone significantly decreased urinary calcium, creatinine, and ALP. Pioglitazone showed detrimental effects on femur-BMD, whereas treatment with probiotics remarkably ameliorated these effects. Among the tested probiotics, Bifidobacterium longum displayed the best protective effects on pioglitazone-induced bone loss in diabetic rats. Conclusion: This study suggests probiotic supplementation in diabetic patients on pioglitazone regime could be considering as an excellent strategy to ameliorate bone loss induced by pioglitazone.

Insight Into the Beneficial Role of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Supernatant Against Bacterial Infections, Oxidative Stress, and Wound Healing in A549 Cells and BALB/c Mice

“…They primarily belong to the genus Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (Soccol et al, 2010), and effectively modulate the immune function of the host by maintaining the balance of the intestinal microbiota (Ouwehand et al, 2016), improve the innate immunity, and moderate the functions of dendritic cells, macrophages, and T and B lymphocytes (Georgieva et al, 2015). In addition, they have also been shown to promote wound healing and modulate the inflammation caused by the pathogens through the toll-like receptor-controlled pathways (Vanderpool et al, 2008;Gholami et al, 2020). Studies have revealed that the direct application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on injured skin may improve skin health and augment its capacity to fight against various diseases (Nole et al, 2014;Knackstedt et al, 2020).…”

A Novel Effective Formulation of Bioactive Compounds for Wound Healing: Preparation, In Vivo Characterization, and Comparison of Various Postbiotics Cold Creams in a Rat Model

“…In the past, researchers thought that probiotics were only advantageous in gastrointestinal diseases [ 60 ]. However, extensive research leads to understanding their importance in daily life and many disorders [ 24 , 27 , 61 ]. There are some studies relating to the effects of probiotics on wound healing [ 40 , 42 , 62 , 63 ], but there are few studies evaluating postbiotics, particularly for wound healing because its recognition does not go far in the past, and it is regarded as a new member of biotics family.…”

“…Probiotics are live microorganisms used in the appropriate amounts, which positively impact host health [ 19 – 23 ]. The advantages of probiotic bacteria for wound healing have been proposed extensively via induction of the immune system, decrease of inflammation, angiogenesis, and antimicrobial properties [ 2 , 3 , 20 , 24 – 29 ]. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the newest member of the biotics family, postbiotics [ 19 , 30 ].…”

Shape-controlled synthesis of zinc nanostructures mediating macromolecules for biomedical applications

“…Metals are involved in glucose metabolism, and their deficiency leads to diabetes [ 89 ]. Zinc helps to maintain blood sugar and is effective in treating diabetes.…”