Abstract:The rapid development of the nano-techno-sciences and the belief that they represent threats to the survival of the planet have led groups of organized civil society to request moratoria on nano-techno-scientific research, based on the principle of precaution. This article takes off from the finding that this principle provokes debates around its concept, its form of application and its bioethical implications. Here terms such as "risk", "danger", "uncertainty", "ignorance", "prevention" and "precaution" are c… Show more
“…There are risks associated with nanotechnology in a complex and yet difficult to define scenario, but which, however, cannot be underestimated (Maynard, 2014;Stokes, 2013). Among them, we can emphasize the identification and management of the impacts of nanomaterial during the production chain; monitoring the cycle of persistent nanoparticles in the environment; and the complexity in the definition of acceptable levels of particles present in working conditions, environmental exposure and consumer of nanoproducts (Simone et al, 2009;Strand and Kjølberg, 2011;Tavares et al, 2015). Within this context, there is a question: what are the global strategic directions for a specific regulation for the use of nanotechnology?…”
Section: Botanical Insecticides and Nanotechnology: Is It A Real New mentioning
Recent decades have witnessed major growth in the use of agrochemicals worldwide,for maximizing the food production for a rapidly growing human population. However, the indiscriminate use of these substances especially the pesticides has led to the accumulation of toxic residues in food, soil, air, and water, as well as the development of resistance in pests. Moreover, pesticides affect soil enzymes, which are essential catalysts that govern soil quality. In order to meet the food security, it is necessary to produce more food, sustainably and safely, in a diminishing area of available arable land and with decreased water resources. Given this situation, there is an increased interest in the use of alternative substances to synthetic agrochemicals that present less risk to the environment and human health while increasing the food safety. Promising results have been obtained using compounds derived from aromatic plants for the control of agricultural pests. Such compounds of botanical origin can be highly effective, with multiple mechanisms of action, while at the same time having low toxicity towards nontarget organisms. However, the large-scale application of these substances for pest control is limited by their poor stability and other technological issues. In this backdrop, the present work discusses perspectives for the use of compounds of botanical origin, as well as strategies employing the encapsulation techniques that can contribute to the development of systems for use in sustainable agricultural practices.
“…There are risks associated with nanotechnology in a complex and yet difficult to define scenario, but which, however, cannot be underestimated (Maynard, 2014;Stokes, 2013). Among them, we can emphasize the identification and management of the impacts of nanomaterial during the production chain; monitoring the cycle of persistent nanoparticles in the environment; and the complexity in the definition of acceptable levels of particles present in working conditions, environmental exposure and consumer of nanoproducts (Simone et al, 2009;Strand and Kjølberg, 2011;Tavares et al, 2015). Within this context, there is a question: what are the global strategic directions for a specific regulation for the use of nanotechnology?…”
Section: Botanical Insecticides and Nanotechnology: Is It A Real New mentioning
Recent decades have witnessed major growth in the use of agrochemicals worldwide,for maximizing the food production for a rapidly growing human population. However, the indiscriminate use of these substances especially the pesticides has led to the accumulation of toxic residues in food, soil, air, and water, as well as the development of resistance in pests. Moreover, pesticides affect soil enzymes, which are essential catalysts that govern soil quality. In order to meet the food security, it is necessary to produce more food, sustainably and safely, in a diminishing area of available arable land and with decreased water resources. Given this situation, there is an increased interest in the use of alternative substances to synthetic agrochemicals that present less risk to the environment and human health while increasing the food safety. Promising results have been obtained using compounds derived from aromatic plants for the control of agricultural pests. Such compounds of botanical origin can be highly effective, with multiple mechanisms of action, while at the same time having low toxicity towards nontarget organisms. However, the large-scale application of these substances for pest control is limited by their poor stability and other technological issues. In this backdrop, the present work discusses perspectives for the use of compounds of botanical origin, as well as strategies employing the encapsulation techniques that can contribute to the development of systems for use in sustainable agricultural practices.
“…De maneira geral, o conceito do termo "risco" deve ser diferenciado do temo "perigo". Este último expressa o estado real e atual de ameaça do bem-estar, podendo resultar em dado se não forem efetivadas medidas protetivas (TAVARES, 2015). Em outras palavras, risco é um conceito histórico relacionado com a identificação de uma fase do desenvolvimento da modernidade, afasta de uma relação com causas naturais, ao passo que perigo tem causas mais relacionadas com as variações do próprio ambiente.…”
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o Projeto de Lei da Câmara dos Deputados nº 34/2015, a partir da construção desenvolvida na teoria do risco de Ulrich Beck com o escopo de compreender os principais impactos de sua aprovação no que tange ao direito fundamental à saúde. O presente Projeto de Lei tem por objetivo aprovar uma reforma nos rótulos dos alimentos geneticamente modificados. Deve-se destacar que as pesquisas relacionadas aos OGMs são ainda inconclusivas e, neste contexto, observa-se que alterações prematuras podem gerar um quadro de insegurança alimentar em claro desrespeito aos princípios do direito fundamental à saúde. Para a construção da pesquisa utilizou-se método descritivo-explicativo com procedimento de revisão bibliográfica e documental, a partir do aprofundamento temático em livros, artigos científicos com qualis A e B e pesquisas constantes no repositório digital de teses e dissertações da CAPES.
“…Dessa forma, a decisão de aplicá-lo Afinal, basta uma concepção equivocada para que se incorra em estereótipos e paternalismos ou não deve ser muito bem ponderada para que a sociedade não venha a ser privada de potenciais benefícios gerados pelas biotecnologias. Deve também ter relação com a natureza do risco envolvido (reversível, irreversível, sério, individual, coletivo), com a magnitude e extensão dos possíveis danos (local ou global e prolongado ou não no tempo) e, ainda, com o tipo de informação utilizada (dados científicos, econômicos ou políticos, ou percepções de risco da sociedade (Tavares & Schramm, 2015).…”
Section: Eugenia Positiva E Eugenia Negativa E a Incerteza Das Consequnclassified
Na última década, ganharam destaques tecnologias reprodutivas, sobretudo o diagnóstico genético pré-implantação (DGPI): seleção de embriões saudáveis obtidos através de programas de fertilização in vitro antes de estes serem transferidos para um útero materno. O melhoramento genético pode levar a eugenia positiva, que exclui determinadas enfermidades, ou a eugenia negativa, que abre espaço para que os pais escolham características específicas dos filhos, como pele, cor dos olhos, ou nível de raciocínio. A partir da noção de vulnerabilidade e necessidade de proteção do embrião, defende que não se deve esperar a ocorrência de danos severos para empregar medidas.In the last decade, there has been an increase in reproductive technologies, especially Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis (DGPI): the selection of healthy embryos obtained through in vitro fertilization programs before they are transferred to a maternal uterus. Genetic improvement may lead to positive eugenics, which exclude certain illnesses, or negative eugenics, which opens up room for parents to choose child-specific characteristics such as skin, eye color, or level of reasoning. From the notion of vulnerability and need for embryo protection, it is argued that measures should be taken before severe damage arises.
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