Prevalence of Sexual Orientation Across 28 Nations and Its Association with Gender Equality, Economic Development, and Individualism

Rahman, Qazi; Xu, Yin; Lippa, Richard A.; Vasey, Paul L.

doi:10.1007/s10508-019-01590-0

Cited by 83 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 10, e9019109364, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.9364 direcionamento do desejo sexual é apoiada por amplo estudo de prevalência de orientação sexual realizado em 28 países com 191.088 participantes. Os resultados dessa investigação sugerem, a partir da estabilidade das taxas de heterossexualidade, bissexualidade e homossexualidade observadas nas diferentes nações tanto para homens como para mulheres, que a orientação sexual tem fatores subjacentes que não são de origem sociocultural (Rahman et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

O processo de identificação sexual na adolescência: um estudo qualitativo no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Matta

Taquette

Souza

et al. 2020

RSD

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Objetivo: analisar como adolescentes percebem o processo de identificação/definição da orientação do desejo sexual. Metodologia: estudo de abordagem qualitativa por meio de grupos focais com estudantes do ensino médio de escolas pública e privada. Foram realizados 5 grupos focais totalizando 59 estudantes, de 13 a 18 anos, sendo 37 do sexo feminino e 22 do masculino. As reuniões foram gravadas e transcritas e os dados submetidos à análise de natureza compreensiva com auxílio do software WebQDA. Resultados: os dados foram classificados em duas categorias de identificação/definição da orientação sexual: uma resultante de influências da família, sociedade, mídia e religião; e outra estabelecida pela natureza e experimentação. Na primeira há o reconhecimento dos condicionantes de gênero desde tenra idade e a opressão heteronormativa da sociedade. Na segunda categoria prevaleceu o entendimento de que a atração sexual surge com a puberdade e, na visão preponderante das moças, há necessidade de testar para se ter certeza da orientação do desejo, que pode mudar em qualquer época da vida, demonstrando maior fluidez da identidade sexual no sexo feminino. Conclusão: o processo de identificação e definição da orientação sexual é marcado pela heteronormatividade que demonstra constranger as possibilidades de expressão da sexualidade.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

O processo de identificação sexual na adolescência: um estudo qualitativo no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Matta

Taquette

Souza

et al. 2020

RSD

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“…Almost 9% of women in a U.S. sample reported having sex with at least one male and at least one female partner in their lifetime; however, only 0.29-0.47% of women reported equally desiring male and female partners (Compton et al, 2015). A recent cross-national study (N = 191,088) reported a 7.2% (SD = 2.94) average prevalence of bisexual identity in women across 28 countries (Rahman et al, 2020).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Female Bisexualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the rates of bisexuality differ in men and women, studies on the prevalence of bisexuality need to account for any sex differences in prevalence rates (e.g. Compton, Farris, & Chang, 2015;Rahman, Xu, Lippa, & Vasey, 2020;Van Griensven et al, 2004). When addressing the prevalence of female bisexuality, it is necessary to distinguish between those who have samesex sexual attractions, those who identify as bisexual, those who behave in a bisexual manner, as well as those who would engage in same-sex sexual behavior if the situation called for it.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Female Bisexualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rates of bisexual behavior are more common than rates of bisexual identification (e.g., Reynolds & Hanjorgiris, 2004) partly because many women are capable of sexual fluidity but do not necessarily make it a part of their sexual identities: heterosexual orientation is still by far the most common identity category in women (Luoto et al, 2019a;Rahman et al, 2020). The prevalence of women's sexual fluidity becomes more noticeable when considering the fact that even a large majority of self-identified lesbians have had multiple sexual encounters with men (reviewed in Luoto et al, 2019a).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Female Bisexualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These pair-bonded females courted, allopreened and shared parenting responsibilities (Young et al, 2008). As in humans (Rahman et al, 2020), bisexual behaviour is also more common in female bonobos than in males: more than half of all sexual behavior in bonobos occurs between females (Fruth & Hohmann, 2006). In chimpanzees, same-sex sexual behavior is extremely rare in both sexes (Fruth & Hohmann, 2006).…”

Section: Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Female bisexuality

Luoto¹,

Rantala²

2020

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Bisexual behavior is an order of magnitude more common than exclusive homosexuality in women. Many evolutionary hypotheses on sexual orientation have focused on homosexuality, particularly in men, yet there has recently been a growing recognition that male and female homosexuality may have different evolutionary origins, and that the various forms of nonheterosexuality in the female sexual orientation spectrum may arise via discrete evolutionary–developmental mechanisms. Evolutionarily informed sex research therefore has the fascinating task of understanding the whole spectrum of female sexual orientation—from heterosexual, mostly heterosexual, and bisexual women through to exclusively homosexual women, and from feminine femmes to masculine butches—including the proximate mechanisms and ultimate functions that underlie that variation. Here, we address that task by applying Tinbergen’s four questions to analyze female bisexuality, synthesizing existing research on proximate mechanisms, ontogeny, phylogeny, and ultimate functions. Research in psychology and behavioral sciences indicates that bisexual women comprise a group distinct from heterosexual women and, on some metrics, even from lesbian women: bisexual women have more male-typical personality traits, more unrestricted sociosexual attitudes and behaviors, higher sexual responsiveness, earlier reproduction, higher substance use, higher incarceration rates, and worse health outcomes than heterosexual women. There is broad evidence from across mammalian species which indicates that individual differences in prenatal exposure to sex hormones creates individual differences in brain morphology, cognition, behavioral predispositions, and even life outcomes. They are typically studied in a sex differences framework, but there is now enough evidence to suggest that sexual orientation differences along these parameters can also be robust and informative. We review 10 ultimate-level hypotheses on the evolution of female bisexuality and conclude that four hypotheses—balanced polymorphism of masculinity, sexually antagonistic selection, hormonally mediated fast life history strategy, and byproduct—are currently best supported by evidence. These hypotheses are also consilient with the wealth of neurodevelopmental evidence on the masculinization of the brain and behavior which is thought to underlie variation in female sexual orientation. By synthesizing ultimate functions with proximate mechanisms—combined with powerful mid-level frameworks such as life history theory—evolutionary scientists are in a stronger position to provide a comprehensive account of the phenotypic variation observed in the female sexual orientation spectrum.

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