Carving the Biodevelopment of Same-Sex Sexual Orientation at Its Joints

VanderLaan, Doug P.; Skorska, Malvina N.; Peragine, Diana E.; Coome, Lindsay A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84273-4_17

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 225 publications

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“…Much like with theories addressing the evolutionary underpinnings of opposite‐sex attraction (Van Valen, 1977), it is important to recognize that the evolutionary underpinnings of women's sexuality is shaped by multiple competing selection pressures (Diamond, 2005, 2013, 2021) and biological underpinnings (VanderLaan et al, 2022). On one hand, a relatively flexible orientation among women would have been functional in creating alloparenting opportunities (Luoto et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perceivers exhibit considerable accuracy in categorizing female sexual orientation, a categorization that occurs with considerable automaticity and with minimal cues (colloquially known as “gaydar,” Rule, 2017; Rule et al, 2009). Many such inferences are tied to the sex‐atypicality of the target (Freeman et al, 2010; Skorska et al, 2015), which similarly tracks the unique routes through which women's sexual orientation emerges throughout development (VanderLaan et al, 2022). Perceivers further regard more masculine presentations of women as diagnostic of greater same‐sex attraction, which may additionally impede perceptions of masculine‐presenting women as a sexual opportunity to men (Flanders & Hatfield, 2013).…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, consideration of the female extradyadic partner as an opportunity to the perceiver remains contingent upon her own ostensibly mutual attraction toward the male perceiver. The unique biological underpinnings of sexual orientation can oftentimes lead to the emergence of different “types” of same‐sex sexual attraction that may be processed heuristically as categories among perceivers (VanderLaan et al, 2022). For example, lesbian women oftentimes categorized based having a more masculine presentation (i.e., “butch”) exhibit greater androgenic activity compared to feminine‐presenting lesbian women and report substantial gender nonconformity from youth (Singh et al, 1999; Zheng & Zheng, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterosexual men's reactions to infidelity revisited: Comparing the sex role presentation of extradyadic female partners

Brown,

Snowden,

Bridges

2024

Personal Relationships

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Heterosexual men report less distress at infidelity from female interlopers than male interlopers. In addition to presenting no risk of cuckoldry, men could also perceive these women as additional sexual opportunities if they assume mutual interest from the female interloper. The current study considered this possibility by experimentally manipulating the sex role assumption of a female interloper (either masculine or feminine presentation) for expected sexual interest in men. Heterosexual men reacted to infidelity from hypothetical long‐term romantic partners in two experiments. The extrapair mate was another man, a feminine woman, or a masculine‐presenting woman. Although infidelity elicited an overall negative reaction, men reported less distress when the extradyadic partner was female. The feminine woman was additionally regarded as affording the most sexual opportunity. Effects were particularly amplified when this information included images of the extradyadic partner. Studies provide evidence for complementary hypotheses based on intrasexual conflict and intersexual opportunities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterosexual men's reactions to infidelity revisited: Comparing the sex role presentation of extradyadic female partners

Brown,

Snowden,

Bridges

2024

Personal Relationships

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“…Theories about the etiology of homosexuality have focused on the role of prenatal androgens, with the assumption often being that these sex steroids linearly influence sexual orientation. That is, male androphilia is presumed to be associated with low prenatal androgen levels (compared to typical male levels), and female gynephilia is presumed to be associated with high prenatal androgen levels (compared to typical female levels) (for a review, see VanderLaan et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digit Ratio (2D:4D; Right-Left 2D:4D) and Multiple Phenotypes for Same-Sex Attraction: The BBC Internet Study Revisited

Manning,

Fink,

Trivers

2023

Arch Sex Behav

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Same-sex attraction may be linked to low prenatal androgen (in men) and high prenatal androgen (in women). Digit ratio (2D:4D) is thought to be a negative correlate of prenatal androgen and right-left 2D:4D (Dr-l) to reflect lateralized differences in sensitivity to prenatal androgen. Lower 2D:4D has been reported for lesbians compared to heterosexuals, but links to high 2D:4D in gay men are less clear. The largest study thus far (the BBC Internet study) found no significant difference between the 2D:4D of lesbians and heterosexual women but a higher 2D:4D in gay men compared to heterosexual men. Here we consider the possibility that low and high prenatal androgen is associated with same-sex attraction in men (n = 108,779) and women (n = 87,742), resulting in more than two phenotypes. We examined the associations between 2D:4D, Dr-l, and same-sex attraction scores in the BBC Internet study. In contrast to the earlier report, which considered sexual orientation in categories, there were positive linear associations in men (right and left 2D:4D, but not Dr-l) and negative linear associations in women (right 2D:4D and Dr-l, but not left 2D:4D). There were no curvilinear relationships for right and left 2D:4D. However, Dr-l showed a U-shaped association with same-sex attraction in men. Thus, (1) high prenatal androgen may be implicated in female homosexuality, while both low and high prenatal androgen may be implicated in male homosexuality, and (2) large side differences in sensitivity to androgen may be associated with elevated same-sex attraction in men.

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“…Therefore, there could be different etiologies in the phenotypes of both male androphilia and female gynephilia. That is, the former phenotype may be linked to very low and very high 2D:4D, which could map onto insertive and receptive sexual behaviors among homosexual men (Swift-Gallant et al, 2021, see review by VanderLaan et al, 2022). The latter phenotype may also be associated with low and high 2D:4D, which could be linked to butch and femme phenotypes, respectively (reviewed by VanderLaan et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Income and the Sexual Behavior of Their Adult Children: A Trivers–Willard Perspective

2022

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Parental income is negatively and linearly related to the digit ratio (2D:4D; a proxy for prenatal sex steroids) of their children. Children of parents with high income are thought to be exposed to higher prenatal testosterone and develop lower 2D:4D. It is further hypothesized that 2D:4D relates to sexual orientation, although it is unclear whether the association is linear or curvilinear. Here, we consider patterns of parental income and its association with the sexual behavior of their adult children in a large online study (the BBC internet study). There were curvilinear relationships with parental income in male and female children. The highest frequencies of homosexuality and bisexuality were found in the lowest income group (bottom 25% of the population), the lowest frequencies in the income group representing the upper 50% of the population, and intermediate values in the other groups (low 50% and top 25% of the population). Parental income showed a U-shaped association with scores for same-sex attraction and an inverted U-shaped association with opposite-sex attraction. Thus, for the first time, we show that same-sex attraction is related to parental income. The curvilinear relationship between parental income and sexual behavior in their adult children may result from an association between very high fetal estrogen or testosterone and attraction to partners of the same sex. Among non-heterosexuals, and in both sexes, very high fetal estrogen may be associated with femme or submissive sexual roles, and very high fetal testosterone with butch and assertive sexual roles.

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Carving the Biodevelopment of Same-Sex Sexual Orientation at Its Joints

Cited by 9 publications

References 225 publications

Heterosexual men's reactions to infidelity revisited: Comparing the sex role presentation of extradyadic female partners

Heterosexual men's reactions to infidelity revisited: Comparing the sex role presentation of extradyadic female partners

Digit Ratio (2D:4D; Right-Left 2D:4D) and Multiple Phenotypes for Same-Sex Attraction: The BBC Internet Study Revisited

Parental Income and the Sexual Behavior of Their Adult Children: A Trivers–Willard Perspective

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