Preparation and field evaluation of live attenuated sheep pox vaccine for protection of calves against lumpy skin disease

Abstract

In this research Romanian Sheep pox virus was identified and confirmed by using PCR, Live attenuated Romanian Sheep pox vaccine (RSPV) was prepared and its titer on VERO cell was log 10 2.5 TCID50/dose. It was sterile, safe and potent. We used eight susceptible calves 6-8 months old, five calves vaccinated with 0.5 ml of prepared RSP vaccine intra dermally (I/D) in tail folds while three calves kept as control. Evaluation of both acquired humoral and cellular immunity by using lymphocyte proliferation assay, SNT, ELISA and Interferon Gamma Bioassay (IFN-ᵧ). The result showed that lymphocyte proliferation began to increase till reach to its peak (1.629) at 10 th day then decrease after that, While Interferon gamma (IFN-ᵧ) detected in 1 st day till 7 th day post vaccination then decreases after that. Results of SNT and ELISA revealed that Protective serum neutralizing antibody titer started at three weeks (1.5), (1.09) post vaccination then reach to its peak at 12 th weeks (2.5), (1.85) respectively and persisted till 28 weeks. From this study we found that live attenuated RSP vaccine a good immunogenic response where it was induced a high level of antibody titer with prolonged duration of immunity and higher lymphocyte and interferon gamma levels, So It considered good vaccine to control Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD).

Comparative efficacy of two heterologous capripox vaccines to control lumpy skin disease in cattle

“…According to the results of this study, all calves in both vaccinated groups were able to produce antibodies in response to vaccine strains, and the neutralisation antibody titres of vaccinated calves were increased at each day of follow-up after DPV 7 and increased up to DPV 35. These findings are consistent with results obtained in other studies demonstrating that vaccinated calves produce neutralising antibodies before day 7 after vaccination (Barman et al, 2010;Khafagy et al, 2016). Vaccinated calves reached protective level (1.5) at DPV 21 that increased gradually to DPV 35.…”

“…The close genetic similarity of the GPV virus to LSD virus might be the reason why the GPV vaccine showed better levels of stimulation than SPV vaccines against LSDV (Tulman et al, 2002). In many previous studies, immune responses of capripoxviruses have been investigated, but the functional role of induced cytokines by vaccination and how they contribute to protective responses have not been clearly identified Khafagy et al, 2016). Since cytokines are generally produced locally and at low levels, they might be difficult to be systemically detected; hence in vitro stimulation of cultured PBMCs with the virus can be helpful to investigate virus-induced cytokine production.…”

“…Vaccinated calves reached protective level (1.5) at DPV 21 that increased gradually to DPV 35. NI ≥1.5 is considered a protective level of neutralising antibody against Capripox viruses (OIE, 2010;Abdelwahab et al, 2016;Khafagy et al, 2016).…”

Evaluation of the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of a new live-attenuated lumpy skin disease vaccine in India

“…Significant cell proliferation was observed in 60% of the vaccinated calves at day 30 pv. In agreement with the previous studies 59, 60, 64 , the peak response of IFN-ϒ was observed at day 3 post LSDV exposure (irrespective of vaccination/infection), the highest being in vaccinated-challenged (100%) than in unvaccinated-challenged (66%) or merely vaccinated (50%) animals. However, the precise role of CMI in protection against LSDV is poorly understood and needs further investigations.…”