Preparation and characterization of bark-derived phenol formaldehyde foams

Li, B.; Feng, Shanghuan; Niasar, Hojatallah Seyedy; Zhang, Y. S.; Yuan, Zhongshun; Schmidt, John A.; Xu, Chunbao

doi:10.1039/c6ra05392k

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Forest and agricultural lignocellulosic biomasses, such as wood [108,109] and bark [110] are being considered as potential alternatives. Lignin, the second most abundant renewable biopolymer on Earth contains some phenolic functional groups and may replace phenol in the synthesis of phenolicbased resins [105,111].…”

Section: New Trends Towards Green Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic foams: A review of mechanical properties, fire resistance and new trends in phenol substitution

Mougel

Garnier²,

Cassagnau

et al. 2019

Polymer

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Section: New Trends Towards Green Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic foams: A review of mechanical properties, fire resistance and new trends in phenol substitution

Mougel

Garnier²,

Cassagnau

et al. 2019

Polymer

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“…Crude oil originated from liquefaction of bark biomass was directed to produce bio-based phenol-formaldehyde formable resole as reported by Li et al (Li et al 2016). Spent coffee grounds of approximately 15 and 17.4% for lipids and proteins, respectively, were liquefied to output crude bio-oil under N 2 atmosphere at (200-300 °C) and (5-25 min).…”

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of biomass to biofuels and life cycle assessment: a review

et al. 2021

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The global energy demand is projected to rise by almost 28% by 2040 compared to current levels. Biomass is a promising energy source for producing either solid or liquid fuels. Biofuels are alternatives to fossil fuels to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Nonetheless, policy decisions for biofuels should be based on evidence that biofuels are produced in a sustainable manner. To this end, life cycle assessment (LCA) provides information on environmental impacts associated with biofuel production chains. Here, we review advances in biomass conversion to biofuels and their environmental impact by life cycle assessment. Processes are gasification, combustion, pyrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis routes and fermentation. Thermochemical processes are classified into low temperature, below 300 °C, and high temperature, higher than 300 °C, i.e. gasification, combustion and pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is promising because it operates at a relatively lower temperature of up to 500 °C, compared to gasification, which operates at 800–1300 °C. We focus on 1) the drawbacks and advantages of the thermochemical and biochemical conversion routes of biomass into various fuels and the possibility of integrating these routes for better process efficiency; 2) methodological approaches and key findings from 40 LCA studies on biomass to biofuel conversion pathways published from 2019 to 2021; and 3) bibliometric trends and knowledge gaps in biomass conversion into biofuels using thermochemical and biochemical routes. The integration of hydrothermal and biochemical routes is promising for the circular economy.

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“…Li et al [172] used bark-derived bio-oil from white birch bark for substituting phenol in the production of phenolic foam. They were able to substitute 25-50 % phenol in the synthesis and significant enhancements in the properties were observed.…”

Section: Bio-oil-based Phenolic Foammentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Bio‐Based Phenolic Foams: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Sarika

Nancarrow

Khansaheb³

et al. 2021

ChemBioEng Reviews

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Phenolic foams are widely used as insulation materials in construction, transportation, and spacecraft industries due to their flame retardancy, thermal stability, low toxicity, and low smoke generation. However, these foams are typically produced from non-renewable resources. With increasing environmental pollution, volatility in petrochemical prices, and depletion of petroleum resources, the demand for polymeric materials produced from renewable resources is ever-increasing. Numerous recent studies have introduced biomass as an alternative resource for petroleum-based raw materials for pro-ducing phenolic foams. In addition to their environmental benefits, bio-based phenolic foams exhibit properties similar or even superior to traditional phenolic foams. In this review, traditional phenolic foams are discussed. Recent progresses on synthesis of foams from bio-based resources, modification of the bio-alternatives, performance enhancements, and comparison with traditional phenolic foams are outlined. Challenges and methods to further improve performance characteristics of bio-based phenolic foams and their expanding range of applications are highlighted.

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Preparation and characterization of bark-derived phenol formaldehyde foams

Abstract: Bark-derived oils produced by hydrothermal liquefaction of outer/inner white birch bark in an ethanol–water (1 : 1, w/w) mixture were utilized for the synthesis of bio-based phenol formaldehyde (BPF) foamable resole resins with different levels of phenol substitution ratios.

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Phenolic foams: A review of mechanical properties, fire resistance and new trends in phenol substitution

Phenolic foams: A review of mechanical properties, fire resistance and new trends in phenol substitution

Conversion of biomass to biofuels and life cycle assessment: a review

Progress in Bio‐Based Phenolic Foams: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

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