Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Issues of Quality of Life, Stress and Exercise

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction as a Promising Intervention for Amelioration of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Symptoms

“…The prevalence of clinically significant premenstrual symptoms that are characterized by impairment, treatment seeking, and suicide risk, but do not meet DSM-IV requirement for the presence of five different symptoms, raises the percentage of afflicted women to 13–19% (Angst, Sellaro, Merikangas, & Endicott, 2001; Bunevicius, Leserman, & Girdler, 2012; Spitzer, Williams, Kroenke, Hornyak, & McMurray, 2000). PMDD is characterized by the cyclic recurrence of affective and somatic symptoms in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, resulting in luteal phase impairment equivalent to that of major depression, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Kroll & Rapkin, 2006; Lystyk & Gerrish, 2006). The most frequent core symptoms of PMDD are irritability, anger conflict, and emotional lability, and as mindfulness has demonstrated effectiveness in addressing similar symptoms in previous research (Greeson, 2009), we rationalized that mindfulness may be efficacious in treating women who suffer from impairment and distress due to symptoms of PMDD.…”

The effect of Crocus sativus (saffron) on the severity of premenstrual syndrome

“…The results of studies in various countries show that premenstrual symptoms are more prevalent and more severe among women at a higher educational level compared with uneducated women. This fact points to the possibility of a relationship between stress and PMS [14][15][16][17][18]. Furthermore, child abuse and domestic violence have also been reported in families with members suffering from PMS.…”

Premenstrual Syndrome and Work Among Female Academic Teaching Staff in Agovernmental Faculty of Medicine in Egypt

“…Specifically, mood/ psychological, behavioral, and/or physical symptoms occurring during the luteal phase and remitting by the end of menses with at least one week symptomfree during the cycle. The crucial characteristic of PMS is the timing of the symptoms and their severity, which must be enough to impact on normal functioning (Freeman et al, 2011) and in turn negatively affect quality of life (QOL) by influencing behaviour and interfering with daily activities (Lustyk and Gerrish, 2010).…”

“…These impairments can occur across life domains, including interpersonal relationships, daily routine, and work productivity. If a symptom causes functional impairment, it should be considered worthy of treatment (Freeman et al, 2011;Lustyk and Gerrish, 2010). It is therefore important to understand how PMS and these life domains are reflected and how they might influence one another.…”