Preliminary Investigation on Auto-Thermal Extrusion of Ground Tire Rubber

Zedler, Łukasz; Kowalkowska-Zedler, Daria; Vahabi, Henri; Saeb, Mohammad Reza; Colom, X.; Wang, Shifeng; Formela, Krzysztof

doi:10.3390/ma12132090

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Higher rubber content is used for the elasticity of soles. Another component, the carbon filling that is used to increase the material strength and abrasion resistance, forms char (35.5 wt.%) [ 5 ]. Comparison of the pyrolysis yields of the abovementioned wastes with the results obtained for the three main components of all rubber products (NR, SBR, NBR) confirmed the complex composition of wastes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Poland, for example, a large amount of waste tires are co-combusted in cement plants for their high calorific value, which exceeds 30 MJ/kg [ 2 ], and the possibility to bind sulphur in the clinker [ 4 ]. Rubber waste can also be reclaimed as material in the form of fillers, granulates, or additives used for tire re-production [ 5 ]. The high calorific value of these materials provides the possibility for recovery of energy by gasification and combustion [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waste Rubber Pyrolysis: Product Yields and Limonene Concentration

et al. 2020

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Tires, conveyor belts, floor mats, and shoe soles form a main-stream of rubber waste. The amount of these used materials continuously increases due to development of the rubber market. Therefore, pro-ecological utilization (i.e., energy recycling instead of burning) and recovering valuable and recyclable materials becomes an urgent necessity. In this regard, this work was devoted to the chemical recycling of selected used rubber products, and it especially explores the possibility of limonene production. Different types of waste rubber were characterized and pyrolyzed at microgram and laboratory scales, and the results were compared. Additionally, the pyrolysis of tires, the most significant stream of rubber waste, was also conducted in a semi-technical scale reactor. The effectiveness of limonene formation in the liquid fractions obtained from different types of waste rubber was compared.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Rubber Pyrolysis: Product Yields and Limonene Concentration

et al. 2020

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“…), carbon black, silica, and ash. Thermogravimetric analysis of GTR was presented in the work [ 29 ]. Vestenamer ® 8012—semi-crystalline thermoplastic elastomer known as trans-polyoctenamer rubber (TOR) imported from the Evonik company (Essen, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), carbon black, silica, and ash. Thermogravimetric analysis of GTR was presented in the work [ 29 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground Tire Rubber Modified by Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer: Processing, Physico-Mechanical Properties, Volatile Organic Compounds Emission and Recycling Possibility

et al. 2020

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Ground tire rubber (GTR) was reclaimed and modified with 10 phr of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer via low-temperature extrusion process. Processing, physico-mechanical properties, volatile organic compounds emission, and recycling possibility were investigated. In order to better understand the impact of used modifiers, their efficiency was compared with trans-polyoctenamer, which is an additive that is commercially dedicated to waste rubber recycling. The results showed that a relatively small amount of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer improves the mechanical properties of modified reclaimed GTR and also allows further recycling by multiple processing without the deterioration of performance after three cycles.

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“…As mentioned above, the GTR samples used in the presented work were modified at a significantly elevated temperature of 200 °C under the air atmosphere. Multiple research works reported that thermal decomposition of GTR in the air begins around 200 °C [ 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground Tire Rubber Filled Flexible Polyurethane Foam—Effect of Waste Rubber Treatment on Composite Performance

et al. 2021

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The application range of flexible polyurethane (PU) foams is comprehensive because of their versatility and flexibility in adjusting structure and performance. In addition to the investigations associated with further broadening of their potential properties, researchers are looking for new raw materials, beneficially originated from renewable resources or recycling. A great example of such a material is ground tire rubber (GTR)—the product of the material recycling of post-consumer car tires. To fully exploit the benefits of this material, it should be modified to enhance the interfacial interactions between PU and GTR. In the presented work, GTR particles were thermo-mechanically modified with the addition of fresh and waste rapeseed oil in the reactive extrusion process. The introduction of modified GTR particles into a flexible PU matrix caused a beneficial 17–28% decrease in average cell diameters. Such an effect caused an even 5% drop in thermal conductivity coefficient values, enhancing thermal insulation performance. The application of waste oil resulted in the superior mechanical performance of composites compared to the fresh one and thermo-mechanical modification without oils. The compressive and tensile performance of composites filled with waste oil-modified GTR was almost the same as for the unfilled foam. Moreover, the introduction of ground tire rubber particles enhanced the thermal stability of neat polyurethane foam.

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Preliminary Investigation on Auto-Thermal Extrusion of Ground Tire Rubber

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Waste Rubber Pyrolysis: Product Yields and Limonene Concentration

Waste Rubber Pyrolysis: Product Yields and Limonene Concentration

Ground Tire Rubber Modified by Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer: Processing, Physico-Mechanical Properties, Volatile Organic Compounds Emission and Recycling Possibility

Ground Tire Rubber Filled Flexible Polyurethane Foam—Effect of Waste Rubber Treatment on Composite Performance

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