Polyhydramnios: Ultrasonic Detection of Fetal and Maternal Conditions.

Abstract

Estimation of amniotic fluid volume is an important part of routine obstetric sonography. A relationship between polyhydramnios and poor perinatal outcome has been reported. This study correlates the severity of polyhydramnios .with perinatal morbidity and mortality. Among 67 cases of polyhydramnios detected in singleton pregnancies, 8 were associated with maternal conditions including noninsulin-dependent diabetes (5 cases), insulin-dependent diabetes (1 case) and gestational diabetes (2 cases). Forty-four were associated with fetal conditions, including fetal anomalies (31 cases), fetal chromosomal disorders (10 cases) and fetal functional disorders (3 cases). Fifteen of the 67 cases had no apparent underlying fetal or maternal cause. Perinatal death occurred in 19 cases (28%) and was associated with fetal anomalies (12 cases), chromosome disorders (6 cases) and a functional fetal abnormality (1 case). Severe polyhydramnios with amniotic pocket dimensions ? 120 mm (91%) or with a need for amniocentesis (91%) were associated with fetal abnormalities in most cases. The rate of perinatal death was not increased, indicating that severe polyhydramnios does not always result in lethal abnormalities.

Prevalence of polyhydramnios in the third trimester in a population screened by first and second trimester ultrasonography

“…An association with diabetes mellitus was reported in 21.8-36.1 % of cases seen between the 1960s to 1970s [22,28,34], and in 14.7-31.3 % by the eighties [6,20]. By the 1990s, it appeared lower at 11.9 % [21]. In the present study, 10.8% of the cases of polyhydramnios were associated with maternal diabetes, a figure which is lower than previously reported.…”

“…Stoll [39] 1991 Brady [3] 1992 (idiopathic) Golan [16] 1992 Damato [10] 1993 Hotta [21] 1994 Barnhard [1] 1995 Gaxiola [14] 1995 All figures are in percentages except the total study population (in brackets) in the second column mester ultrasound assessment in all cases. Polyhydramnios was defined as a liquor volume measurement of 8 cm and above for the single deepest pool and 24 cm or more for the four-quadrant sum [6,25,26,31].…”

Prevalence of a positive TORCH and parvovirus B19 screening in pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios

“…1,3 The etiology of polyhydramnios is diverse, involving both maternal and fetal disorders. Causes include underlying congenital fetal structural abnormalities, fetal infections, multiple gestations, isoimmunization, fetal-maternal hemorrhage, placental tumors and maternal diabetes, [4][5][6][7][8][9] but up to 50% of cases are idiopathic. 5,10 Fetal infections most commonly linked to polyhydramnios are cytomegalovirus (CMV), toxoplasmosis, syphilis, rubella and parvovirus B19 infection.…”

Decreased umbilical orexin‐A level is associated with idiopathic polyhydramnios

“…Polyhydramnios has been linked to fetal anomalies, including nervous system and gastrointestinal tract anomalies . Maternal conditions such as poorly controlled maternal gestational and pregestational diabetes have been associated with polyhydramnios . A number of fetal conditions, including isoimmunization, fetal infections, multiple gestations, and placental tumors, have also been linked with polyhydramnios .…”

“…Maternal conditions such as poorly controlled maternal gestational and pregestational diabetes have been associated with polyhydramnios . A number of fetal conditions, including isoimmunization, fetal infections, multiple gestations, and placental tumors, have also been linked with polyhydramnios . However, approximately 50% of cases are idiopathic with no known etiology .…”