Equations 3b and 3c, which utilize abbreviations for terms in eq 3a, are correct as written. This error does not affect any of the data or conclusions in the paper.

Oxidative stress and increased mitochondrial apoptosis may contribute to the pathological process of pelvic organ prolapse.

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is known to be more prevalent in spontaneous abortions than in elective terminations of pregnancy. More recently, placental infection with HPV was shown to be associated with spontaneous preterm delivery. However, no study has evaluated the prevalence of HPV infection in pregnant Korean females and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 311 females who gave birth at Korea University Medical Center. Our sample included 45 preterm deliveries, 50 cases of premature rupture of the membranes (PROM), 21 preeclampsia cases, and 8 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients. We used the Hybrid Capture II system to detect high-risk (HR)-HPV infection at six weeks postpartum.ResultsThe prevalence of HR-HPV infection was 14.1%. Women with HR-HPV infection had a higher incidence of PROM than those without HR-HPV. HR-HPV infection was associated with an increased risk of PROM (OR, 2.380; 95% CI, 1.103-5.134). The prevalence of preterm delivery, preeclampsia, or GDM was not different between the two groups.ConclusionsWe observed a high prevalence of HR-HPV infection in pregnant women. Moreover, HR-HPV infection was associated with a risk of PROM at term. Further studies are needed to evaluate mechanisms by which HR-HPV infection induces PROM.

PurposeMany studies have proposed predictive models for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, these predictive models have several limitations, such as user convenience and reproducibility. The purpose of this study was to develop a T2DM predictive model using electronic medical records (EMRs) and machine learning and to compare the performance of this model with traditional statistical methods.Materials and MethodsIn this study, a total of available 8454 patients who had no history of diabetes and were treated at the cardiovascular center of Korea University Guro Hospital were enrolled. All subjects completed 5 years of follow up. The prevalence of T2DM during follow up was 4.78% (404/8454). A total of 28 variables were extracted from the EMRs. In order to verify the cross-validation test according to the prediction model, logistic regression (LR), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm models were generated. The LR model was considered as the existing statistical analysis method.ResultsAll predictive models maintained a change within the standard deviation of area under the curve (AUC) <0.01 in the analysis after a 10-fold cross-validation test. Among all predictive models, the LR learning model showed the highest prediction performance, with an AUC of 0.78. However, compared to the LR model, the LDA, QDA, and KNN models did not show a statistically significant difference.ConclusionWe successfully developed and verified a T2DM prediction system using machine learning and an EMR database, and it predicted the 5-year occurrence of T2DM similarly to with a traditional prediction model. In further study, it is necessary to apply and verify the prediction model through clinical research.

Background Significant coronary artery disease has a well‐known association with long‐term adverse cardiovascular events. In this study, we aimed to evaluate its association with long‐term major adverse clinical events ( MACE ) up to 5 years in patients who presented with chest pain without significant coronary artery disease . Methods and Results A total of 5890 subjects with chest pain without significant coronary artery disease were prospectively enrolled in this study. The mean follow‐up duration was 3.4 years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed for assessing the independent risk factors for MACE or sustained angina pectoris. MACE was defined as the composite of total death, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke, and hospitalization because of heart failure. Ninety‐one (2.2%) patients developed MACE , and 309 (8.1%) patients developed sustained angina pectoris , both within 5 years. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the risk of MACE was significantly associated with age (per 5 years; hazard ratio [ HR ], 1.44; 95% CI , 1.30–1.60) and insignificant coronary stenosis (30%–70%; HR, 2.03; 95% CI; 1.28–3.21). The risk of sustained angina pectoris was significantly associated with age (per 5 years; HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01–1.11), dyslipidemia ( HR, 1.34; 95% CI , 1.06–1.70), insignificant coronary stenosis ( HR, 2.54; 95% CI , 1.94–3.31), coronary artery spasm (HR, 1.42; 95% CI , 1.11–1.80), and myocardial bridge (HR, 1.37; 95% CI , 1.04–1.81). Conclusions In patients without significant CAD , aging and insignificant coronary stenosis have a strong association with future long‐term MACE . Also, aging, dyslipidemia, insignificant coronary stenosis , coronary artery spasm, and myocardial bridge are strongly associated with future angina pectoris .