“…As a result, various molecular methods such as RAPD (Boehm et al, 1999;Kim and Choi, 2003), AFLP (Kim et al, 2005), RFLP (Karaca et al, 2008), ITS/NTS (Ngan et al, 1999;Cui et al, 2003;Xu et al, 2009), SSR (Kim et al, 2007) and SCAR (Warude et al, 2006;Choi et al, 2007;Choo et al, 2009), have been utilized to authenticate and distinguish medicinal plants from their relatives and adulterants. However, with the exception of, C. officinale (diploid, 2n=2x=22) and L. chuanxiong (triploid, 2n=3x=33), the cytological background of medicinal plants rarely show cytogenetic relationships (To, 1969(To, , 1971.…”