Nutritional Quality and Metallic Health Risk Assessment of Industrially Processed Tomato Ketchups Available in the Markets of Bangladesh

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to study the nutritional qualities of industrially processed tomato ketchups compared to homemade one and to assess metallic heath risk due to consumption of those ketchups. Eight different types of industrially processed tomato ketchups available in the markets of Bangladesh from dissimilar producers and one homemade sauce were analysed in this study. Dry matter content in industrially processed tomato ketchups ranged between 32.52-38.41% while it was only 7.90% in case of homemade sauce. The average lycopene content of industrially processed tomato ketchups was 20.02 mg 100g-1 sample while it was 29.10 mg 100g-1 sample for homemade tomato sauce. Among the mineral nutrients- Ca, Mg, P and K contents in homemade tomato sauce were higher compared to industrially processed one. But Na content was higher in different industrially processed ketchups. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cd and Mn in industrially processed tomato ketchups ranged between 5.29-6.82, 2.14-34.08, 6.48-9.05, 7.56-11.51, 0.12-0.95, 0.36-0.46 and trace µg g-1 (fresh wt. basis), respectively while in case of homemade tomato sauce the mean concentrations were 2.12, 3.33, 1.66, 2.08, 0.13, 0.09 and 1.73 µg g-1 (fresh wt. basis), respectively. Thus, present study results inferred that higher amount of different heavy metals might be contributed by the addition of spices and other ingredients to industrially processed tomato ketchups. Target hazard quotients (THQ) values for Pb and Cr for industrially processed tomato ketchups approached or surpassed 1 for female. The cumulative target hazard quotients (CTHQ) values for the same tomato ketchups were also greater than one (>1) for both male and female, which indicate that the exposed populations are in a level of concern interval. On the other hand, individual THQ and CTHQ values for homemade sauce were less than 1 for both male and female, which indicate that dietary intake of this sauce is assumed to be safe.

Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation Pattern in Edible Tissues of Different Farmed Fishes of Mymensingh Area, Bangladesh and Health Risk Assessment

“…Target hazard quotients is used widely for the assessment of potential health risks associated with long term exposure to chemical pollutants [15][16]19,[49][50]. The THQ <1 means the exposed population is assumed to be safe; 1 < THQ < 5 means that the exposed population is in level of concern interval, and THQ > 5 means exposed population is unsafe.…”

“…As a result, the increasing demand of food safety has accelerated research regarding the risk associated with food consumption contaminated by heavy metals [7]. Excess amounts of heavy metals from anthropogenic sources that enter into the ecosystem may lead to geo-accumulation [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and bio accumulation [4], which in turn pollute the environment and also affect the food chain and ultimately pose serious human health risks [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Metallic Health Risk through Consumption of Different Rice Varieties Cultivated in Industrial Wastewater Irrigated Farmers’ Fields of Bhaluka Area, Bangladesh

“…The estimation of potential health risks associated with long term exposure to chemical pollutants using THQ is a common practice worldwide [45][46][47][48]. The THQ < 1 means that the exposed population is assumed to be safe; 1 < THQ < 5 means that the exposed population is in a level of concern interval, and THQ > 5 means exposed population is unsafe.…”