Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation Pattern in Edible Tissues of Different Farmed Fishes of Mymensingh Area, Bangladesh and Health Risk Assessment

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to study heavy metals bioaccumulation pattern in edible tissues of different farmed fishes and to assess human health risk through their dietary intake. Total 3 different species viz. grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and mrigel (Cirrhinus cirrhosis), and 3 dissimilar sizes of fish samples were collected from Muktagacha and Trishal area of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh during January 2018 and analysed for this study. Among the fish species, mean concentrations of Ca, Na and K were higher in mrigel; Mg and S contents were higher in silver carp and P content was higher in grass carp. As regards to heavy metals, mean concentrations of Pb (18.98 µg g-1), Ni (0.688 µg g-1) and Cu (15.197 µg g-1) were higher in mrigel; Cd (1.127 µg g-1), Cr (15.097 µg g-1) and Zn (36.023 µg g-1) contents were higher in grass carp, while contents of all metals were lower in silver carp. In context of size, both mineral nutrients and heavy metals bioaccumulation pattern in all species were higher in large size fishes. Similarly, metal pollution index values for all species of fish samples showed a sequence- large size> medium size> small size, which indicates that heavy metal bioaccumulation pattern was directly related to the size and age of fishes. The study results revealed that the daily intakes of Pb and Cd for all species and sizes of fish samples were higher than that of upper tolerable intake level. Target hazard quotients (THQ) values for Pb and Cr surpassed 1.0 for both male and female, which indicate that the exposed populations are in a level of concern interval. But in context of other heavy metals, these farmed fishes can assume as safe for human consumption.

Assessment of human health risks associated with heavy metals accumulation in the freshwater fish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in Bangladesh

“…assessing the concentration of Cr, Ni, Cd, and Pb in different freshwater fish species of River Kabul, Pakistan and found the average concentrations of Cr, Cu (15.197 µg/g) and Cr (15.097 µg/g) in the fish samples which quite similar to the present experiment except for loads of Ni and Cr(Akter et al, 2020). However, a study to evaluate heavy metals soil pollution in Bhaluka region by Al Zabir et al highlighted the devastating condition of that particular zone due to the on-growing industrialization and unplanned urbanization(Al Zabir et al, 2016).Previous studies indicated several causes behind the excessive value of metals in fish, such as different anthropogenic ingredients (boating, use of antifouling paint, oil dropping, fishing, agrochemicals, etc.…”

Bioaccumulation of Metals in Eels Taken From Lakes Köyceğiz (Turkey) and Võrtsjärv (Estonia) and Health Risk Assessments

“…In many previous studies in different countries, very different values of Pb levels in many fish species were determined. Most of these values exceed the permissible limits set by the European Commissions and FAO (Sonkar et al 2006;Sen et al 2011;Mata et al 2020;Akter et al 2020).…”

Assessment of Human Health Risks Associated with Heavy Metals Accumulation in the Freshwater Fish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in Bangladesh

“…Furthermore, several studies reported on heavy contamination of metals (As, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb, Sr, Ni, Li, Ag, Hg, Co, and Se) in the dumping grounds of almost 300 different industries distributed in Mymensingh district where every day a significant amount of textile dyes, plastics, metal fabricates, diesel, leather tanners are being discharged into the local agricultural areas (Islam et al, 2015;Ahmed et al, 2012;Al Zabir et al, 2016). However, metal contamination of marketed or farmed fish and their diets of Mymensingh has already been examined (Hossain et al, 2016;Al Zabir et al, 2016;Akter et al, 2020), but no systematic comparison of metal contents in pangas and their feeds with the seasonal variation reported yet. In Bangladesh, pangas has been included in a regular diet of mass people, especially in a low-income section of the society; it is a highly concerning issue where those consumers could be a target group of potential health hazards due to the biomagnification of toxic elements in the food chain.…”