Non Linear Optimization Technique for the Reduction of the Frequency Scanning Effect in a Phased Array Based on Broadband Injection-Locked Third Harmonic Self-Oscillating Mixers

Abstract

Abstract-In this work, an electronically tunable large range phase shifter based on a broadband Injection-Locked Third Harmonic SelfOscillating Mixer (IL3HSOM) is designed and analyzed. This multifunctional circuit generates a down-converted Intermediate Frequency (IF) signal and provides a theoretical 540 • continuous phase shift range. The conversion gain and the bandwidth of the circuit are optimized through bifurcation control techniques. The IL3HSOM will be used as the core of a broadband phased antenna array with electronic beam-steering capabilities. The use of a multi-harmonic load based on an arbitrarily width modulated transmission line allows the nonlinear optimization of the circuit phase shift frequency response to compensate the frequency scanning effect, which negatively influences the performance of broadband antenna arrays.

A Low-Parasitic Cmos Transistor Structure for Wide Locking Range Ilfd Design

“…The unlicensed 7 GHz bandwidth at 60 GHz is now available for high data rate transmission. In such wide band transceivers, most speed-demanding circuits are the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and the pre-scaler in a phase-locked loop design [1]. An injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) is more attractive than the other type dividers due to its lower power consumption and higher operating frequency.…”

Nano‐antenna synthesis for end‐fire and pencil‐beam far‐field radiation patterns using vector spherical wave functions

“…There have been various analytical investigations in this field [1–11]. Besides analytical methods, numerical optimisation tools like genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) are widely used for synthesis procedure [12–15].…”

“…There have been some researches on VSWFs for EM applications including calculating resonances of spherical structures, scattering, expansion of specific EM waves like plane‐waves or Gaussian beams and also dyadic Green's functions, antenna design, and so on [24–31]. Numerical optimisation methods are also widely used for antenna design purposes [12–15, 32–35]. These tools usually minimise or maximise some defined cost functions or fitness functions.…”

Millimeter Wave Subharmonic Mixer Implementation Using Graphene Film Coating

“…Another advantage is that the wide frequency gap between the RF and LO signals simplifies the LO and RF separation. Frequency mixer circuits, either in microstrip [11][12][13] or in monolithic technology [14][15][16][17][18], generally use transistors [19][20][21][22][23][24], or diodes [25][26][27][28], in order to generate the desired nonlinear behavior.…”