Neogene Assembly of Modern Faunas

Albert, James S.; Carvalho, Tiago P.

doi:10.1525/california/9780520268685.003.0007

Cited by 63 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…Conversely, lower genetic exchanges among populations of isolated habitats enhance diversification (Gavrilets and Losos 2009, Kisel and Barraclough 2010, but see Losos 2010, promoting higher speciation rates at evolutionary time scales. Indeed, according to phylogenetic and fossil evidences, the major freshwater fish biogeographic patterns presently found in the Orinoco region probably originated during this period (Albert and Carvalho 2011). This riverine system became fully established after the rapid uplift of the Andean mountains about 7 Ma ago, a period since which some northern South American taxa (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural fragmentation in river networks as a driver of speciation for freshwater fishes

Dias¹,

Cornu²,

Oberdorff³

et al. 2012

Ecography

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Although habitat fragmentation fosters extinctions, it also increases the probability of speciation by promoting and maintaining divergence among isolated populations. Here we test for the effects of two isolation factors that may reduce population dispersal within river networks as potential drivers of freshwater fish speciation: 1) the position of subdrainages along the longitudinal river gradient, and 2) the level of fragmentation within subdrainages caused by natural waterfalls. The occurrence of native freshwater fish species from 26 subdrainages of the Orinoco drainage basin (South America) was used to identify those species that presumably arose from in-situ cladogenetic speciation (i.e. neo-endemic species; two or more endemic species from the same genus) within each subdrainage. We related subdrainages fish diversity (i.e. total, endemic and neo-endemic species richness) and an index of speciation to our two isolation factors while controlling for subdrainages size and energy availability. The longitudinal position of subdrainages was unrelated to any of our diversity measures, a result potentially explained by the spatial grain we used and/or the contemporary connection between Orinoco and Amazon basins via the upstream Casiquiare region. However, we found higher neo-endemic species richness and higher speciation index values in highly fragmented subdrainages. These results suggest that habitat fragmentation generated by natural waterfalls drives cladogenetic speciation in fragmented subdrainages. More generally, our results emphasize the role of history and natural waterfalls as biogeographic barriers promoting freshwater biodiversity in river drainage basins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural fragmentation in river networks as a driver of speciation for freshwater fishes

Dias¹,

Cornu²,

Oberdorff³

et al. 2012

Ecography

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“…Although upper Paraná, São Francisco and Tocantins basins have some degree of endemism, justifying them as ichthyofaunistic provinces (Gery 1969), or as freshwater ecoregions (Abell et al 2008), the existence of some sheared fish groups and species is evidence of recent reorganization of the fish fauna in these drainages, chiefly in their upper portions. According to Albert & Carvalho (2011), the rearrangements of headwater streams, including barrier formation or drainage capture, result in vicariance or geodispersal processes that influence the Neotropical fish distribution. The geomorphological dynamic that have been occurred since Neogene and extended through Quaternary period in areas of the Brazilian Shield plateau and the biological properties of the species must be considered relevant to understand the fish composition and distribution within and among drainages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish fauna from Sapucaí-Mirim River, tributary of Grande River, upper Paraná River basin, Southeastern Brazil

et al. 2016

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The fish species composition of Sapucaí-Mirim River is herein reported and discussed in the faunistic context of Grande and Paranaíba river basins, both formers of the Paraná River. The Sapucaí-Mirim is an important tributary of this hydrographic system, flowing to the left bank of Grande River in a region occupied by the reservoir of the Porto Colombia hydroelectric power plant, at São Paulo state northeastern region, in southeastern Brazil. The poorly known fish diversity of the Sapucaí-Mirim River is presented on basis of sampling efforts conducted in the main river channel and three creeks located at the mid and lower sections of the basin, allowing comparisons of the fish fauna of these two sections in the light of available information of fish inhabiting Grande and Paranaíba river basins. The study of the fish composition resulted in the recognition of 68 species in the Sapucaí-Mirim River, belonging to 23 families distributed in seven orders, all commonly found in upper Paraná River basin: Characiformes (32 spp.), Siluriformes (25 spp.), Labriformes (4 spp.), Gymnotiformes (3 spp.), Cyprinodontiformes (2 spp.), Perciformes (one species) and Synbranchiformes (one species). Most of the species are representative of the native ichthyofauna, but the total diversity also includes allochthonous species, which were chiefly found in the lower stretch studied. Some species found in the Sapucaí-Mirim River require great areas for their maintenance, as do large-sized species, known to have migratory reproductive habits. Also, the diversity of small and medium-sized species found and their distinct morphological and biological attributes, allied to the occurrence of endangered fish species, indicate that the Sapucaí-Mirim River basin is an important place for fish diversity maintenance in the Grande River hydrographic system.

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“…The Navajini includes several clades with multiple sisterspecies pairs and other supraspecific taxa distributed across the Amazon-Orinoco divide. Clades with multiple multispecies assemblages co-exist in both basins Albert & Carvalho, 2011). The Amazon and Orinoco basins are connected on the modern landscape via the Casiquiare Canal, but this waterway probably does not act as a dispersal corridor for most sternarchelline fishes.…”

Section: Origin Of the Deep-channel Electric Fish Faunamentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematics and biogeography of Sternarchellini (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae): Diversification of electric fishes in large Amazonian rivers

Ivanyisky¹,

Albert²

2014

Neotrop. ichthyol.

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The Sternarchellini (Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae) is a clade of 10 electric fish species that inhabit deep river channels of the Amazon and Orinoco basins, attain moderate adult body sizes (15-50 cm TL), and have a predatory life style. Here we trace the evolutionary origin and diversification of Sternarchellini using standard phylogenetic and biogeographic procedures and a dataset of 70 morphological characters. The main results are: 1) the genus Sternarchella includes both species currently assigned to the genus Magosternarchus; and 2) neither of the multi-species assemblages of Sternarchellini in the Amazon and Orinoco basins are monophyletic. Historical biogeographic analysis suggests that sternarchelline evolution was linked to the large-scale river capture event that formed the modern Amazon and Orinoco basins, i.e. the Late Miocene rise of the Vaupes structural arch and concomitant breaching of the Purus structural arch. This event is hypothesized to have contributed to formation of the modern sternarchelline species, and to the formation of the modern basin-wide sternarchelline species assemblages. The results indicate that cladogenesis (speciation) and anagenesis (adaptive evolution) were decoupled processes in the evolution of Sternarchellini.Sternarchellini (Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae) é um clado de 10 espécies de peixes elétricos que habitam canais profundos de rios das bacias do Amazonas e Orinoco, que atingem um tamanho moderado quando adultos (15-50 cm CT), e possuem hábito predatório. Rastreamos a origem evolutiva e diversificação de Sternarchellini utilizando técnicas filogenéticas e biogeográficas padrões e um conjunto de dados de 70 caracteres morfológicos. Os principais resultados são: 1) o gênero Sternarchella inclui duas espécies atualmente atribuídas ao gênero Magosternarchus; e 2) as assembleias de multi-espécies de Sternarchellini nas bacias Amazônica e do Orinoco não formam grupos monofiléticos. A análise biogeográfica histórica sugere que a evolução do Sternarchellini esteve ligada ao evento de captura de rio de grande escala que formou as atuais bacias do Amazonas e Orinoco, i.e., o soerguimento do arco estrutural Vaupés no Mioceno Superior e o rompimento concomitante do arco estrutural Purus. É proposto que esse evento contribuiu para o surgimento das espécies atuais de Sternarchellini, e para a formação das assembleias modernas de espécies de Sternarchellini com ampla distribuição nas bacias. Os resultados indicam que cladogênese (especiação) e anagenêse (evolução adaptativa) foram processos desacoplados na evolução de Sternarchellini.

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Neogene Assembly of Modern Faunas

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Natural fragmentation in river networks as a driver of speciation for freshwater fishes

Natural fragmentation in river networks as a driver of speciation for freshwater fishes

Fish fauna from Sapucaí-Mirim River, tributary of Grande River, upper Paraná River basin, Southeastern Brazil

Systematics and biogeography of Sternarchellini (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae): Diversification of electric fishes in large Amazonian rivers

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