Nematicidal activity of compounds extracted from medicinal plants against the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Abstract

To investigate in vitro nematicidal activity against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, plant methanolic extracts were obtained from 26 medicinal plants and herbs in Vietnam. Of the plant extracts tested, a 10 mg ml −1 concentration of Cinnamomum cassia bark extract showed the highest level of nematicidal activity against juvenile and adult B. xylophilus after treatment for 7 h. The remainder of the plant extracts had little or no effect on juveniles or adults. Four solvents, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, were used initially to partition the compounds obtained from C. cassia extracts. The compound (5 mg ml −1 ) in the n-hexane fraction showed the highest nematicidal activity at 60 min after treatment. Compounds III and IV were then separated from the n-hexane fraction using silica gel plates. These compounds showed very similar activity against the pine wood nematode. However, treatment with different concentrations of these compounds resulted in a significant difference in their effects on the mortality of the pine wood nematode, with greater concentrations leading to increased mortality after the same exposure time. Overall, treatment with 3 mg ml −1 of compounds III and IV resulted in greater than 95% mortality against juvenile and adult B. xylophilus at 50 min after treatment.

An ethnopharmacological survey and in vitro confirmation of the ethnopharmacological use of medicinal plants as anthelmintic remedies in the Ashanti region, in the central part of Ghana

“…Activity of methanolic extracts from the leaves and roots of Paullinia pinnata against the free-living nematode Rhabditis pseudoelongata (EC 50 ¼2.5 mg/mL) was reported by Okpekon et al (2004). Nguyen et al (2009) tested a methanolic extract of the leaves of Phyllanthus urinaria against the plant parasite Bursaphelenchus xylophilus at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, but despite a significant reduction in the motility of the worms, no lethal effects could be observed.…”

Statistical optimization of medium components for chitinase production byPseudomonas fluorescensstrain HN1205: role of chitinase on egg hatching inhibition of root-knot nematode

“…[7] Because of these harmful effects, the chemical nematicides are losing their popularity among farmers. [6,8] As a result, non-toxic chemical approaches have long been a subject of research in an effort to develop safer alternatives to the use of the nematicides. [9] Chitinases from microorganisms are a potential weapon for the management of root-knot nematodes, because the nematode eggshell cuticle is composed of a chitin layer, [10] which can be degraded by chitinases.…”

Nematicidal activity of crambe extracts on Meloidogyne spp.

“…The dose-dependent effect of plant extracts has been shown in other studies such as that involving methanolic extract of C. cassia against P. bursaphelenchus xylophilus K. (NGUYEN et al, 2009), aqueous extracts and methanolic neem seed on M. javanica juveniles (SILVA et al, 2008), and Tagetes patula L. against M. incognita (FRANZENER et al, 2007). …”