Monensin Effects on Diet Digestibility, Ruminal Protein Bypass and Microbial Protein Synthesis

Poos, Mary I.; Hanson, Tom; Klopfenstein, Terry J.

doi:10.2527/jas1979.4861516x

Cited by 194 publications

(126 citation statements)

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“…Monensin in several studies reduced ruminal protein degradation and consequently decreased microbial protein flow to the small intestine (Poos et al, 1979;Bergen and Bates, 1984). The decrease in ruminal ammonia production when monensin is supplied can be attributed to inhibitory effects on hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria (Eschenlauer et al, 2002) which have peptidase and deaminase activities (Wallace et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient digestion, microbial protein synthesis, and blood metabolites of Jersey heifers fed chitosan and whole raw soybeans

et al. 2016

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-This study was undertaken to determine the effects of chitosan and whole raw soybean on nutrient intake and total tract digestion, nitrogen utilization, microbial protein synthesis, blood metabolites, and energy balance of dairy heifers. Twelve Jersey heifers (6±0.5 months of age and 139.50±25.56 kg of live weight; mean ± standard deviation) were randomly assigned to a replicated Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The experimental period consisted of 14 days of adaptation to diets, six days of sampling, and five days of washout. The experimental diets were: control (CO); chitosan (CHI, inclusion of 2.0 g kg −1 DM of chitosan); whole raw soybean (WS, 163.0 g kg −1 of WS on diet DM basis); and chitosan + whole raw soybean (CHI+WS). Chitosan decreased dry matter and neutral detergent fiber intakes; however, CHI increased DM total tract digestion. An interaction effect was observed on retained nitrogen, which increased when animals were fed CHI+WS compared with CO or CHI, but did not differ from that of animals fed WS. Chitosan decreased microbial nitrogen and crude protein flow of heifers. Energy balance was improved when heifers received diets containing WS. Efficiency of energy utilization was not affected by experimental diets. An interaction effect was observed for blood high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration, which increased with both dietary inclusion of CHI and WS compared with the other diets, and CHI provided the lowest value of HDL cholesterol. Chitosan and whole raw soybean do not alter nutrient intake and total tract digestion; however, they decrease nitrogen urinary excretion and increase blood HDL cholesterol of heifers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient digestion, microbial protein synthesis, and blood metabolites of Jersey heifers fed chitosan and whole raw soybeans

et al. 2016

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“…However, the effect of monensin on digestion has been inconsistent in the past. In various in vitro and in vivo studies, monensin has been reported to depress (Poos et al 1979;Mir 1989), to affect minimally (Dinius et al 1976;Lemenager et al 1978;Ricke et al 1984;Faulkner et al 1985) or not at all (Kone and Galyean 1990;Duff et al 1995), and even to increase (Wedegaertner and Johnson 1983) fiber digestibility. Factors such as daily dosage of monensin, ratio of forage to concentrate consumed and differences in ruminal dilution rates or retention times of digesta (Lemenager et al 1978) may also account for this variability.…”

Section: Monensinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes, α-bromoethanesulfonate and monensin on fermentation in a rumen simulation (RUSITEC) system

Yan¹,

Bae²,

McAllister³

et al. 1999

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 1999. Effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes, ␣-bromoethanesulfonate and monensin on fermentation in a rumen simulation (RUSITEC) system. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 491-498. The effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes, α-bromoethanesulfonate (BES) and monensin on fermentation and digestibility of grass hay were examined using two rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) devices, each equipped with eight 820-mL fermenters with a liquid dilution rate of 0.73 d -1 . Grass hay (10 g d -1 ) was fed either untreated or pre-treated with 0.2 g each of cellulase and xylanase, and in combination with no chemical or daily dosing of 20.5 µmol monensin, 20.5 µmol BES or 41 µmol BES. Pretreatment of hay with the fibrolytic enzymes increased (P < 0.05) organic matter (OM), cellulose and hemicellulose digestibilities by 9, 15, and 20%, respectively, and increased (P < 0.05) methane production per gram digestible OM by 43%. With the enzyme treatment, both β-endoglucanase and xylanase activities were enhanced (P < 0.05). Application of the enzymes promoted (P < 0.05) the growth of methanogenic bacteria, with no effect on total bacterial or cellulolytic bacterial populations. α-Bromoethanesulfonate did not influence digestibility, but depressed (P < 0.005) methane production by 51%. Addition of BES inhibited (P < 0.05) growth of methanogenic bacteria, with no effect on either the total or cellulolytic bacterial populations. Monensin depressed (P < 0.05) OM, cellulose and hemicellulose digestibilities by 15, 27 and 17%, respectively, and methane production by 78%. Treating grass hay with fibrolytic enzymes enhanced fiber digestion but also methane production. Including BES counteracted the methane production without affecting fiber digestion whereas monensin decreased both fiber digestion and methane production. Sci. 79: 491-498. Nous avons examiné au moyen de deux dispositifs de fermentation ruminale en simulation (RUSITEC), les effets d'enzymes fibrolytiques exogènes, du α-bromoéthanesulfonate (BES) et du monensin sur la fermentation et sur la digestibilité d'un foin de graminées. Chacun des deux dispositif était équipé de 8 fermenteurs de 820 mL de capacité, à un taux de dilution en milieu liquide de 0,73 j -1 . Du foin de graminée (10 g j -1 ) était introduit dans les fermenteurs puis prétraité ou non avec 0,2 g de cellulase et de xylanase. Chaque traitement était couplé ou non à l'injection journalière de 20,5 µmol de monensin, 20,5 µmol de BES ou 41 µmol de BES. Le prétraitement du foin avec les enzymes fibrolytiques a provoqué des accroissements respectifs de 9,15 et 20 % (P < 0,05) de la digestibilité de la m.o., de la cellulose et des hémicelluloses et un accroissement de 43 % (P < 0,05) de la production de méthane par g de m.o. digestible. Dans les traitements avec enzymes, l'activité de la β-endoglucanase et aussi de la xylanase était accrue (P < 0,05). La présence des enzymes exogènes a activé (P < 0,05) la croissance des bactéries méthanogènes, sans agir sur des populations bactériennes totales ni sur les bactéries cellulol...

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“…Concentrations of Pro, Gly, Ser, Thr+amides, Glu and Lys were significantly higher in C than in Mdiets in the second phase. The decrease in amino acid concentrations in the Mdiet.may be related to the fact that protein degradation in the rumen was diminished by monensjn i, 3,5,22)^s shown m our previous paper,4) the number of rumen protozoa were significantly higher in C than in Mdiets. Because protozoa are knownto have a high proteolytic activity, the decreased protozoan population partly resulted in lowered proteolytic activity and decreased free amino acid concentrations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Postprandial changes of free amino acids in the rumen fluid of steers fed with or without monensin.

Matsumoto

Kobayashi

Itabashi

1984

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

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Monensin, a polyether antibiotic produced by Streptomyces cinriamonensis, is known to affect nitrogen metabolism in the rumen. Van Nevel and Demeyer1) showed that the addition of monensin decreased NH3 concentration and accumulated a-amino nitrogen in vitro.Reduction in rumen NH3concentration2~4) and protein degradation3'5) have also been observed with monensin feeding in vivo. These findings suggest that monensin inhibits protein degradation and/or amino acid deamination. Though free amino acids are major intermediates in protein degradation in the rumen, there is little information concerning rumen free amino acids in relation to monensin supplementation. Therefore, we studied the effect of monensin on postprandial changes of free amino acids in the rumen of steers fed with concentrate and grass silage.TwoHolstein and two Japanese Black steers, weighing about 250 kg and each equipped with a rumen fistula, were used in a switchback experiment with 3 weeks of each period. Each steer was housed in a stanchion barn. In the control periods (C), they were fed 2kg of concentrate and 10kg of Italian ryegrass silage twice daily. In the monensin-fed periods (M), they were fed the same diets as in C except that the concentrate was supplemented with 40 ppm of monensin (kindly provided by Takeda Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., Japan) at each meal. Daily monensin intake totaled 160 mg/steer. The ingredients and chemical compositionsof the concentrate were shownin our previous paper.6) On the last day of each period, rumen contents were taken through the rumen fistula at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hr after the start of morning feeding. After removing large particles using two layers of surgical gauze, the rumen fluid was centrifuged at 26,000 x g for 30min. The supernatants were stored at -20°C until analysis. After thawing, the supernatants were deproteinized by treatment with picric add according to the method of Stein and Moore.7) The amino acid contents were determined using an amino acid analyzer (JLC 6AH, Nihon Denshi Co., Ltd., Japan). Separation of basic amino acids was performed using a jacketed 15cm column with a pH 5.28, 0.35n Na-citrate buffer. Separation of the other amino acids including a-amino butyric acid (AABA), yamino butyric acid (GABA) and <5-amino valeric acid (DAVA)was performed using a jacketed 50cm column and three buffers as follows. The pH 3.25, 0.25n Nacitrate buffer was used until after the emergenceof Ala, followed by the pH 4.25, 0.2n Na-citrate buffer. After the emergence of Tyr, the pH 5.28, 0.35n Na-citrate buffer was used. The jacket temperature was maintained at 55°C. In this system, AABAwas eluted between Cys and Val, and GABAand DAVAfollowing Phe as separated peaks. Concentrations of NH3were determined by the method of Conway. Differences between the two treatments were determined by the method described by Lucas.8) The calculation was performed on an ACOS800 II of the Computing Centre for Research in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery using a program written by Mukai.9) Table I shows changes wit...

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Monensin Effects on Diet Digestibility, Ruminal Protein Bypass and Microbial Protein Synthesis

Cited by 194 publications

References 0 publications

Nutrient digestion, microbial protein synthesis, and blood metabolites of Jersey heifers fed chitosan and whole raw soybeans

Nutrient digestion, microbial protein synthesis, and blood metabolites of Jersey heifers fed chitosan and whole raw soybeans

Effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes, α-bromoethanesulfonate and monensin on fermentation in a rumen simulation (RUSITEC) system

Postprandial changes of free amino acids in the rumen fluid of steers fed with or without monensin.

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