. 1997. Lipid-induced depression of methane production and digestibility in the artificial rumen system (RUSITEC). Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 269-278. An artificial rumen (RUSITEC) equipped with eight fermenters was used to examine the effects of canola oil (CA), cod liver oil (CD) and coconut oil (CO) on methane production, dietary digestibility and rumen microbial populations. The experiment, repeated three times, involved two diets (100% grass hay or a 90%:10% wheat:hay mixture) either untreated (controls) or sprayed with CA, CD or CO (10%, wt/wt) in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. Dry matter disappearance and CH 4 production were greater (P < 0.05) from untreated concentrate diet than from untreated hay. There were significant interactions (P < 0.05) between diet and lipid type for DM digestion and several of the fermentation parameters. Coconut oil decreased (P < 0.05) DM and neutral detergent fibre disappearance of hay but did not affect digestion of concentrate. All oils, especially CO, depressed (P < 0.05) CH 4 production (mmol g -1 digestible DM) and methanogenic populations regardless of diet. Methanogens on CO-treated diets numbered less than 1% of those on CA-and CDtreated diets. Total viable, amylolytic, and cellulolytic bacterial numbers were also substantially reduced (P < 0.05) by CO, but not by CA or CD for both diets. Bacterial colonization and digestion of CO-treated hay was markedly less extensive than that observed on untreated, CA-or CD-treated hay. The molar proportion of propionate produced was increased (P < 0.05) by CA and CD, for the hay diet, but not for the concentrate diet. Coconut oil decreased (P < 0.05) the molar proportion of propionate produced on the hay diet and increased (P < 0.05) it on the concentrate diet. Of the three oils, CO was most inhibitory to CH 4 production and depressed fibre digestion. The CA and CD also decreased CH 4 production, but did not affect feed digestion in either diet. Consequently, the amount of metabolizable energy of feeds may be increased when diets are supplemented with these oils. Un rumen artificiel (RUSITEC), muni de huit fermenteurs a été utilisé pour examiner les effets de l'huile de colza canola (Ca), de foie de morue (Fm) et de coprah (Co) sur la production de méthane, sur la digestibilité des aliments et sur les populations microbiennes du rumen. L'expérience, conduite selon un dispositif factoriel 2 × 4 à trois répétitions, comportait deux régimes alimentaires : 100 % foin de graminée ou mélange blé (grain)-foin-foin, 90 : 10 %, servis non traités (témoin) ou avec 10 % en volume de Ca, Fm ou Co. La digestibilité apparente de la matière sèche et la production de CH 4 était plus importantes (P < 0,05) dans le régime concentré non traité que dans le régime au foin non traité. Il y avait des interactions significatives (P < 0,05) entre le régime et la nature des lipides pour la digestion de la m.s. et pour plusieurs paramètres de la fermentation. L'huile de coprah abaissait (P < 0,05) la digestion de la m.s. et de la NDF du foin, mais n'influait...

Poorly differentiated EGC confined to the mucosa or with minimal submucosal infiltration (

Using clinical data from a specialized trauma clinic, this study investigated pretreatment clinical factors predicting response to eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) among adult patients diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants were evaluated using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Dissociative Experiences Scale before treatment and were reassessed using the CAPS after treatment and at 6-month follow-up. A total of 69 patients underwent an average of 4 sessions of EMDR, and 60 (87%) completed the posttreatment evaluation, including 8 participants who terminated treatment prematurely. Intent-to-treat analysis revealed that 39 (65%) of the 60 patients were classified as responders and 21 (35%) as nonresponders when response was defined as more than a 30% decrease in total CAPS score. The nonresponders had higher levels of dissociation (depersonalization and derealization) and numbing symptoms, but other PTSD symptoms, such as avoidance, hyperarousal, and intrusion, were not significantly different. The number of psychiatric comorbidities was also associated with treatment nonresponse. The final logistic regression model yielded 2 significant variables: dissociation (p < .001) and more than 2 comorbidities compared to none (p < .05). These results indicate that complex symptom patterns in PTSD may predict treatment response and support the inclusion of the dissociative subtype of PTSD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.

To test the psychometric properties of the Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale (SUDS), this study analyzed the data from 61 patients treated with EMDR. The pretreatment self-reported questionnaires, the in-session records of EMDR, and the Clinical Global Impression–Change (CGI-C) scale at the termination of EMDR were reviewed. The initial score of the SUDS at the first session was significantly correlated with the patient’s level of depression, the state anxiety, and distress from the impact of events. The final score of the SUDS at the first session was significantly correlated with the CGI-C score at termination. Consequently, this study confirmed that the SUDS in EMDR sessions has good psychometric properties.

(1174), or with grass srlage (X2637). Concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates were higher (P < 0.05) in inoiulated than in control silages. Although inoculants appeared to increase the numbers of lactit acid producing bacteria (LAB) at ensiling, post-ensiling numbets (cfu g-1) of yeasts and molds.were lower (P < 0'05) in inoculated than in control silages. Lactic acid concentrations and pH were similar arnong the silages and variations in the growth of yeast and mold populations-could not be explained by differences in the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) among silages.Inoculation of barlly silage with either inoculanr increased (P < 0.01) the average daity gain of lambs. A digestibilrty expelT:lt with 12 growing ram lambs showed that inoculants did not alter (P > 0.05) DM intzike, feed efficiency or the digestion of DM' organic iatter, icid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral derergent fiber (NDF). Nitrogerr intake and retention were greater (P < 0'05) inlambs fed silage inoculated wrth ll74 as compared withiontrol silage. Yeast populations were increased (P < 0.05) in control and ll7 4 after 2-dof exposure to air but it requirid 13 d for a similar yeast population to be established inX2637 silage. Increases in the mold populations within the silages were noted after 2, 5 and 13 d of exposure to air for control' 117 4 and X2637 ' respectively. Theiemperature of control silage increased (P < 0.05) 2 dafter exposure to air, whereas increases in temperature were delayed for 4 d in lli4 and g d in X26i7. Temperatures rose as high as 30'C in control silage, but did not exceed24"C in inoculated silages during the 13 d period.

Intestinal-type gastric carcinoma exhibits a multistep carcinogenic sequence from adenoma to carcinoma with a gradual increase in genomic alterations. But the roles of microRNAs (miRNA) in this multistage cascade are not fully explored. To identify differentially expressed miRNA (DEM) during early gastric carcinogenesis, we performed miRNA microarray profiling with 24 gastric cancers and precursor lesions (7 early gastric cancer [EGC], 3 adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, 4 adenomas with low-grade dysplasia, and 10 adjacent normal tissues). Alterations in the expression of 132 miRNA were detected; these were categorized into three groups based on their expression patterns. Of these, 42 miRNAs were aberrantly expressed in EGC. Five miRNA (miR-26a, miR-375, miR-574-3p, miR-145, and miR-15b) showed decreased expression since adenoma. Expression of two miRNA, miR-200C and miR-29a, was down-regulated in EGCs compared to normal mucosa or adenomas. Six miRNA (miR-601, miR-107, miR-18a, miR-370, miR-300, and miR-96) showed increased expression in gastric cancer compared to normal or adenoma samples. Five representative miRNAs were further validated with RT-qPCR in independent 77 samples. Taken together, these results suggest that the dysregulated miRNA show alterations at the early stages of gastric tumorigenesis and may be used as a candidate biomarker.

Deamination of nucleotides causes C:G>T:A changes in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples and produces false positives during next-generation sequencing (NGS). Uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) helps eliminate this issue, but the effect of UDG in different tissue preparation conditions has not been rigorously studied. To investigate whether UDG can reduce false-positive single-nucleotide variant (SNV) calls, we used tumor and normal tissues from gastric adenocarcinoma patients prepared using different fixation times and pH conditions. FFPE tumor blocks >10 years were also evaluated for the comparison. We performed semiconductor-based NGS to evaluate nucleotide changes and used UDG to test deamination-related effects. Sequencing quality parameters mildly worsened with prolonged fixation time, acidic pH, and delayed fixation. SNV calls and C:G>T:A changes increased after >48 hours of fixation. In both recently prepared and old FFPE tissue blocks, UDG treatment reduced deamination-induced nucleotide changes. In the recently prepared samples, both high-quality SNVs and mean target coverage were remarkably increased on treatment with UDG. However, the quality of NGS results from old-age samples varied irrespective of UDG treatment. In conclusion, based on our findings, we believe that when performing NGS on recently embedded blocks, it is important to consider that certain poorly fixed samples may be at the risk of being deaminated, which can be corrected with UDG treatment.

No abstract