Abstract1). Three faunated and three unfaunated goats were given three different diets and energy metabolism was compared between the two groups.The effect of monensin was also studied. The goats were fed hay only in Expt 1, hay-concentrate in Expt 2 and hay-concentrate containing monensin in Expt 3. 2). The concentration of rumen ammonia-N in the faunated group was found to be higher than that in the unfaunated in all three experiments, the difference being significant in Expt 2. The molar proportion of propionic acid in the rumen of the faunated tended to be less than in the unfaunated while that of butyric acid tended to be greater.Monensin reduced protozoal number in the faunated and increased the proportion of propionic acid in both groups. 3). There was no significant difference between the group in energy metabolism in Expt 1. Methane energy was significantly higher in the faunated in Expt 2. In all the experiments, urinary energy tended to be greater and faecal energy to be less and retained energy to be greater in the faunated goats. The digestibility of feed N tended to be greater in the faunated. Only minor differences were found between the groups in N retention while urine N tended to be greater in the faunated.Monensin reduced the methane and faecal energy and increased urinary N. 4). The concentration of plasma glucose tended to be higher in the faunated in Expts 2 and 3. There was no difference between the groups in plasma urea-N.Monensin tended to increase these concentrations in both groups.Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci., 55 (4): [248][249][250][251][252][253][254][255][256] 1984 The role of ciliate protozoa in the rumen has become of considerable interest recently in relation to animal production. Alterations of fermentation patterns due to the absence of protozoa have been shown by many investigators1).However, the effect of protozoa on the energy metabolism of ruminants, especially on methane production, has not been elucidated. Since in the rumen methane is formed mainly from hydrogen and carbon dioxide and the hydrogen is produced by bacteria2) and protozoa3-5), it is to be expected that the presence of protozoa may affect the methanogenesis in the rumen and thus the energy metabolism of ruminants.The object of the present work was to compare the energy metabolism as well as the concentration of some constituents in the rumen and blood plasma in goats with and without ciliate protozoa. The effect of monensin was also studied using these goats.Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci., 55 (4): 248-256 248 1984
Transcriptome analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which migrate into blood vessels from primary tumor tissues, at the single-cell level offers critical insights into the biology of metastasis and contributes to drug discovery. However, transcriptome analysis of single CTCs has only been reported for a limited number of cancer types, such as multiple myeloma, breast, hepatocellular, and prostate cancer. Herein, we report the transcriptome analysis of gastric cancer single-CTCs. We utilized an antigen-independent strategy for CTC isolation from metastatic gastric cancer patients involving a size-dependent recovery of CTCs and a single cell isolation technique. The transcriptomic profile of single-CTCs revealed that a majority of gastric CTCs had undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and indicated the contribution of platelet adhesion toward EMT progression and acquisition of chemoresistance. Taken together, this study serves to employ CTC characterization to elucidate the mechanisms of chemoresistance and metastasis in gastric cancer.
COVER PHOTOGRAPH: Monoclinic pure ZrO 2 fl ash-sintered compact (A) and SEM images of fi xing a needle onto a fractured surface of the compact (B) and picked up grains with a needle (C) and the grain surface (D) by FIB-SEM. From Morisaki et al. Intergranular amorphous fi lms formed by DC electric fi eld in pure zirconia.
The effects of rumen ciliate protozoa on urinary allantoin excretion were studied.We adopted the assumption that urinary allantoin excretion is proportional to the microbial protein absorbed in the small intestine. Two trials, each using six castrated Japanese Saanen goats, were performed.
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