Mikania glomerata Spreng. e M. laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker, Asteraceae: estudos agronômicos, genéticos, morfoanatômicos, químicos, farmacológicos, toxicológicos e uso nos programas de fitoterapia do Brasil

Abstract

RESUMO:No Brasil as espécies de Mikania glomerata Spreng. e M. laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker, Asteraceae, popularmente conhecidas como guaco, são amplamente utilizadas com evidências pré-clínicas para o tratamento de doenças onde estejam envolvidas suas ações broncodilatadoras, antialérgicas, antiasmáticas, anti-inflamatórias, antiulcerogênicas e relaxantes da musculatura lisa. Em virtude das propriedades terapêuticas atribuídas as essas espécies, ambas foram oficializadas na farmacopéia brasileira, e por serem bastante semelhantes, dificilmente são diferenciadas. Com o objetivo de contribuir com novas pesquisas, a presente revisão descreve, de forma sistematizada, sobre os aspectos farmacológicos, toxicológicos, químicos, agronômicos, morfoanatômicos, genéticos e o uso nos programas de fitoterapia do Brasil destas espécies. As principais diferenças e semelhanças entre as duas espécies são evidenciadas através da comparação das informações baseadas na literatura específica.Unitermos: Asteraceae, Mikania glomerata, Mikania laevigata, guaco, plantas medicinais.ABSTRACT: "Mikania glomerata Spreng. e M. laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker, Asteraceae: agronomic, genetic, anatomical, chemical, pharmacological, toxicological studies and its use in herbal therapy programs in Brazil." In Brazil the species of Mikania glomerata Spreng. and M. laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker, Asteraceae popularly known as guaco, are widely used with preclinical evidence for the treatment of diseases whose actions involve bronchodilators, antiallergic, anti-asthmatic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerogenic and smooth muscles relaxant. Due to the therapeutic properties attributed to these species, both were included in the official Brazilian Pharmacopoeia, and because of their similarity, they are hardly differentiated. In order to contribute to the new research, this review describes their several aspects: pharmacology, toxicology, chemical, agricultural, anatomical, genetics and the use in herbal medicine programs in Brazil, in a systematic way. The main differences and similarities between the two species are evidenced by comparing the information based on literature.

Anti-hemorrhagic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of the leaves of Mikania glomerata in lesions induced by Bothrops jararaca venom in rats

“…Phytochemical studies have shown that Mikania contains terpenes, essential oils 11 , di-and sesquiterpene lactones 12 , flavonoids, and stigmasterol 13 , alcohols, acids, esters, aldehydes, organic esters and steroids. Regarding the safety of the extracts, phytomedicines and isolated compounds, guaco species did not present significant toxic and genotoxic effects in humans 14 .…”

Genus Mikania: chemical composition and phytotherapeutical activity

“…Diterpenes such as kaurenoic acid and benzoylgrandifloric acid (class of kauranes), have also attracted interest for their pharmacological action. Moreover, detailed screenings revealed the presence of other substances in species of Mikania as Review alcohols, acids, esters, aldehydes and organic esters (Gasparetto et al, 2010).…”

“…Although it is one of the most distinctive and easily recognized genera of the tribe, species delimitation is often difficult due to the very large number of taxa and the existence of highly polymorphic species complexes (King & Robinson, 1987). In Brazil, the genus with 171 species is mainly found in the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro (Gasparetto et al, 2010). The species of this genus are characterized by herbaceous, annual or perennial (Pio Correa, 1984), and scandent habit, though there are as well commonly erect and decumbent representatives (Ritter & Miotto, 2005).…”

“…Approximately 12% of Mikania species and their chemical composition have been studied. The most commonly used are Mikania glomerata and Mikania laevigata, generally employed in respiratory disorders treatments (Gasparetto et al, 2010), and because their morphological and anatomic similarities are sold indiscriminately and used without distinction (Ritter & Miotto, 2005;Bolina et al, 2009). However, other species are described in the literature, and are characterized for their chemical components activities.…”

Solubilização Da Cumarina Em Meio Aquoso E Determinação Da Sua Atividade Antibacteriana

“…Historicamente, as plantas são as fontes mais importantes para os produtos naturais 5 . O gênero Mikania, popularmente conhecido como guaco, tem sido associado às ações expectorante e antigripal 6 , alelopatia de sementes de alface 7 , ação anti-inflamatória 8 , além de atividades broncodilatadoras, antialérgicas, antiasmáticas, antiulcerogênicas e relaxantes da musculatura lisa 9 . No entanto, ressalta-se a importância de verificar outras atividades biológicas de M. glomerata Sprengel, assim como a cumarina -o principal metabólito encontrado no guaco, presente principalmente nas folhas.…”