Maternal Obezitenin Prenatal Bağlanma Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Maternal obezite önemli bir halk sağlığı problemidir ve üreme dönemindeki kadın yaş grubunda sıklıkla görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada maternal obezitenin prenatal bağlanma üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Gereç ve yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki çalışmaya son trimestırda olan 400 gebe kadın alınmıştır. Veriler Konya'da bir kadın-doğum ve çocuk hastanesine başvuran gebelerden 14 Kasım 2016 ile 23 Ocak 2017 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak gebelerin sosyo-demografik ve obstetrik özelliklerini içeren anket formu ve Prenatal Bağlanma Envanteri kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde ortalama, standart sapma, yüzde, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), iki ortalama arasındaki farkın önemlilik testi (independent sample t test) kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan gebelerin yaş ortalaması 28,41±6,23'dür. Gebelerin %63,3'ünün eğitim durumu ilkokul ve altıdır, %83'ü çalışmamaktadır ve %76'sı gebeliği istemiştir. Gebelerin Beden Kitle İndeks ortalaması 28,14±3,63, Prenatal Bağlanma Envanteri puan ortalaması ise 61,24±0,49'dur. Obez gebelerin Prenatal Bağlanma Envanteri puan ortalaması, normal ve pre-obez gebelere göre anlamlı düzeyde olacak şekilde daha düşük bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Sonuç: Maternal obezite prenatal bağlanma için bir risk faktörüdür ve prenatal bağlanma düzeyini düşürmektedir. Doğum öncesi dönemde ebe ve hemşireler; bakım verdikleri gebelerde maternal obezite konusunda dikkatli olmalı, risk faktörlerinin erken dönemde tespit ederek gerekli beslenme eğitimi vermeli ve gerekirse onları bir uzmana yönlendirmelidirler.

The impact of distress experienced during pregnancy on prenatal attachment

“…[8] In the study of Alan Dikmen and Çankaya, entitled as "The impact of maternal obesity on prenatal attachment", the authors reported that 46.6% of the women had problems during pregnancy and in parallel with this result, they stated that prenatal attachment rate was significantly low. [9] The study of Erkal Aksoy et al, entitled as "Prenatal attachment in risky pregnancies and social support", reported similar results. In their study, the authors reported the rate of having a problem during pregnancy 48.8%.…”

“…[3] In similar studies reflecting our social characteristics, mean PAI scores of pregnant women were close to each other. In their study conducted on pregnancies with high risk, Bak›r et al [2] found this rate 61.96±9.24, Erkal Aksoy et al [1] found it 56.76±9.23 in their study conducted on risky pregnancies, and Alan Dikmen and Çankaya [9] found it 61.24±0.49 in their study about the impact of maternal obesity on prenatal attachment. In our study which was consistent with the literature, we found high level of prenatal attachment perceived by the pregnant women who participated in our research.…”

“…It was also reported that working pregnant women have low levels of stress and anxiety and pregnant women with elementary family structure have higher attachment levels. [2,[7][8][9] Prenatal attachment levels were higher in primiparous pregnant women than multiparous pregnant women. [10] In a study investigating prenatal attachment level and affecting factors in pregnant women with high risk, it was found that attachment level of pregnant women were moderately low, and educational status affected attachment in a direct proportion while age affected it in an inverse proportion.…”

The effect on pregnant women's prenatal attachment of a nursing practice using the first and second Leopold's maneuvers

“…Condon (1993) defined it as a prenatal emotional bond between parents and their babies. Muller (1993) described prenatal attachment as "a unique and loving bond that develops between a woman and her fetus" (Alan Dikmen & Cankaya, 2018;Busoneraa, Cataudellab, Lampisb, Tommasic, & Zavattinia, 2017;Dereli, 2013;Forte Camarneiro & Rosado de Miranda Justo, 2017;Göbela et al, 2018;Muller, 1993;Orta & Sümer, 2016;Petri et al, 2018;Tüzün & Sayar, 2006;Yılmaz & Beji, 2010).…”

“…Understanding the nature of prenatal attachment and the factors that affect it is important for healthcare staff. Previous studies have shown that the factors that negatively affect attachment include: not wishing to get pregnant, not being satisfied with being married, not good relationships between spouses, anxiety, depression, lack of social support from the mother, lower age, lower education, lower employment status and income level, education status of fathers, number of pregnancies, number of births, living children, miscarriage history, maternal obesity, risky pregnancies, painful delivery, neonatal diseases and miscarriage (Alan Dikmen & Cankaya, 2018;Hopkins et al, 2018;Salehi, Kohan, & Taleghani, 2018;Yılmaz & Beji, 2010).…”