Mammary diffuse fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): three cases

Abstract

Abstract. The current report describes 3 rare cases of mammary diffuse fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). All of the animals were between 10 and 12 months of age. Grossly, the lesions consisted of severe diffuse swelling with homogeneous large masses in the udder. Surgical removal of the masses was curative. Microscopically, there was severe hyperplasia of the mammary epithelium and numerous well-differentiated and mildly pleomorphic acini and their associated ducts. Moderate proliferation of the fibrous connective tissue and the myoepithelial cells near the proliferating acini was also evident. The hyperplastic epithelial cells exhibited positive immunostaining for cytokeratin, estrogen receptors, and progesterone receptors. In addition, the myoepithelial cells displayed moderate positivity for alpha smooth muscle actin. Based on the clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical findings, a diagnosis of mammary diffuse fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia with probable hormonal influence was made.

Mammary fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia in a heifer

“…Histological findings observed in the current case are similar to those of a mammary fibroadenoma, which is a frequent neoplasm in young rats and women and has also been reported in a heifer (THIBAULT et al, 1997), a young cow (MINA et al, 1994), and a lamb (GULBAHAR et al, 2007). This benign neoplasm generally forms well-delimited nodules; whereas, fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia is characterized by extensive lesions throughout the mammary glands (HANSON et al, 1987, SANT'ANA et al, 2014, as observed in the current case. This case of bovine mammary hyperplasia appears to have good prognosis because there was no recurrence of the mammary lesions for at least 1 year after surgical excision, as observed in the bubaline mammary fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia (SANT'ANA et al, 2014).…”

“…In the current case, there were no significant inflammatory lesions associated with the fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia. Similar to the previously reported cases in bubaline females (SANT'ANA et al, 2014), ovarian endocrine influence on the hyperplasia was suspected, given the IHC-labeling results (positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors). In contrast, the feline mammary diffuse fibroepithelial hyperplasia commonly presents with high concentrations of only progesterone receptors (MISDORP, 2002).…”

“…This condition was also detected in young water buffalo (10 to 12 months old) with morphologic changes in the mammary gland very similar to those observed in the present case (SANT'ANA et al, 2014). Many cases of proliferative mammary changes (hyperplasia and neoplasms) in dogs and cats have been observed in adult animals, usually after previous therapeutic or spontaneous exposure to ovarian hormones (RUTTEMAN, 1990;MISDORP, 2002).…”

“…In humans, this type of lesion was formerly known as fibroadenomatosis, sclerosing lobular hyperplasia, and fibroadenomatoid change or mastopathy (HANSON et al, 1987;WU & CHEN, 2001). This condition was recently observed in three young water buffalo and endocrine influences were suggested in the pathogenesis of the Silva et al lesion (SANT'ANA et al, 2014). The objective of the current study was to evaluate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings of a rare case of mammary fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia in a heifer.…”

“…Infrequent cases of mammary neoplasms have been reported in cattle (POVEY & OSBORNE, 1969;MINA et al, 1994), mares (HIRAYAMA et al, 2003;BRITO et al, 2008), water buffalo (MANDAL & IYER, 1969), and goats (SINGH & IYER, 1972); whereas, hyperplastic changes have been observed in cattle (HONG et al, 1994) and water buffalo (SANT'ANA et al, 2014). Mammary epithelial hyperplasia is classified into three distinct types: lobular (arising from the intralobular ducts), ductal (arising from the extralobular ducts), and adenosis (CASSALI et al, 2011).…”