Macronutrient composition in human milk from mothers of preterm and term neonates is highly variable during the lactation period

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the macronutrient content of human milk during the first 28 days of lactation of mothers who delivered preterm infants, and to compare preterm to term milk. Methods: A prospective and longitudinal study of mothers at various stages of lactation was conducted in the Amiens-Picardie University Hospital (France). Fat, true protein, carbohydrate and energy contents were estimated in human milk collected from each participant. Results: Macronutrients in human milk were: fat (g/100 mL), 3.36±1.01; true protein (g/100 mL), 1.34±0.61; carbohydrate (g/ 100 mL), 7.23±0.68; energy (kcal/100 mL), 72.97±9.21 for extremely preterm human milk; fat (g/100 mL), 3.47±1.14; true protein (g/100 mL) 1.32±0.63; carbohydrate g/100 mL), 7.28±1.10; energy (kcal/100 mL), 76.18±12.84 for very preterm human milk; fat (g/100 mL), 3.48±0.87; true protein (g/100 mL), 1.26±0.46

Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bacterial Profile Modulate Infant Body Composition during Exclusive Breastfeeding

“…Ferreira et al also reported that different HMOs contributed to the HMO profile based on parity using non-negative matrix factorization [ 16 ]. As parity is associated with maternal BMI [ 58 , 59 ] and increased interpregnancy BMI with every additional delivery [ 58 ], the relationship between maternal BMI and human milk fatty acid composition [ 60 ] and fat and protein concentration [ 61 ] indicate that it is possible that parity may impact HMO content. Furthermore, shorter and longer interpregnancy intervals have been shown to influence maternal body composition and breastfeeding practices [ 62 ], which may impact HM composition, including HMOs.…”

Human Milk and Brain Development in Infants

“…HM is a dynamic and bioactive fluid that varies between mothers. Furthermore, its composition varies according to the lactation stage and between preterm and term breast milk [16,17]. The first form of milk produced in the early days after birth is colostrum.…”

O perfil lipídico, a concentração de calorias, de sódio e de água do leite humano são adequados para serem ofertados ao neonato desidratado?

“…Nota-se m/z 874 é o pico mais intenso nos pools de colostro e de leite de transição com predominância de P; o precursor Ln e o AGPI-CL Ep também podem compor as combinações, sendo este último importante constituinte do cérebro e retina do neonato (Shahi et al, 2019). Além disso, Ep desempenha papel importante na resposta inflamatória e imune, por ser considerado anti-inflamatório (Léké et al, 2019).…”