<p>Comparative Encapsulation Efficiency of Lutein in Micelles Synthesized via Batch and High Throughput Methods</p>

Abstract

Purpose Black raspberries (BRBs) and their anthocyanin-rich hydrophilic fractions (BRB-H) have exhibited significant chemopreventative activity across aerodigestive cancers. Lutein, the primary component of the BRB lipophilic fraction (BRB-L), also demonstrates bioactivity potential, but is less well characterized, in part because of its poor, innate bioavailability. For these lipophilic compounds to be accurately evaluated for anticancer efficacy, it is necessary to increase their functional bioavailability using delivery vehicles. Lutein has been delivered in commercial settings in emulsion form. However, emulsions are unstable, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, which limit their use as an oral nutraceutical. Here, we evaluated lutein encapsulation and cellular uptake for nanoparticle (NP) delivery vehicles composed of three different materials synthesized via two different approaches. Methods Specifically, NPs were synthesized via smaller scale batch interfacial instability (II) sonication and semi-continuous high throughput electrohydrodynamic-mediated mixing nanoprecipitation (EM-NP) methods using polystyrene-polyethylene oxide (PSPEO) or polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol (PCLPEG) block copolymers and PHOSPHOLIPON 90G ® (P90G, Lipoid GmbH) lipids. Size distribution, lutein encapsulation efficiency (EE), and cellular uptake and delivery were evaluated for each NP formulation. Results NPs produced via high throughput EM-NP had higher EEs than NPs produced via batch II sonication, and P90G had the greatest EE (55%) and elicited faster cellular uptake in premalignant oral epithelial cells (SCC83) compared to other delivery systems. Conclusion These qualities suggest P90G could be a beneficial candidate for future lutein in vitro delivery research and clinical translation for oral cancer prevention.

Modulation of engineered nanomaterial interactions with organ barriers for enhanced drug transport

“…161 Studies using lipids were the least common among those isolated studies and included micelles. 162 When analyzing these data, it can be observed that research has found success in developing nanosystems at smaller sizes and negatively/neutrally charged for optimized mucus permeability.…”

Research Progress on Construction of Lutein-Loaded Nano Delivery System and Their Improvements on the Bioactivity

“…The systems have shown that the diameter of average partic to hundreds nanometer, the Z-potential (Z) were all negative and t more than 20 mV mostly, λ and the polydispersity index (PDI) w all know, these parameters play a decisive role on stability of the higher negative electrical transition from the carboxyl terminus m of Z larger which presented better optical and thermal stability [ sistant technology could be one of the methods to make the valu systems more uniform so as to achieve better properties, such as throughput electrofluidic-mediated mixing technique (EM-NP), s stability ultrasonication (II-S) [58].…”

“…For example, a higher negative electrical transition from the carboxyl terminus makes the absolute value of Z larger which presented better optical and thermal stability [57]. Meanwhile, the assistant technology could be one of the methods to make the values of D smaller and the systems more uniform so as to achieve better properties, such as semi-continuous high-throughput electrofluidic-mediated mixing technique (EM-NP), small batch interfacial instability ultrasonication (II-S) [58].…”

“…The smallest particle size among the lipid-based substances is 12.7 ± 0.7 nm, which is prepared by isopropyl myristate, triethyl triacetate and Tween 80 with ultrasound assistance [106]. Cosby et al [58] prepared the systems by II-S and EM-NP methods with particle sizes of 22.6 ± 0.178 nm and 23.0 ± 0.204 nm, respectively. Nano emulsion prepared by egg yolk phospholipids [52] as main substances had particle sizes not exceeding 100 nm with a core-shell structure.…”

Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) by‐product as a source of bioactive compounds and as a natural antioxidant for food applications

“…HSPs values were obtained from Barton (1983) for ethanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate; from Ozel and Gogus (2014) for β-carotene and from Cosby et al (2020) for lutein.…”