Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) by‐product as a source of bioactive compounds and as a natural antioxidant for food applications

Abstract

Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) is a plant native to the Amazon region, extensively cultivated and economically important in Brazil. The seeds of guaraná with high caffeine content (Carciochi et al., 2021) and their extracts are largely used in the production of sodas, energy drinks, and dietary supplements (Schimpl et al., 2013;da Silva et al., 2017). The red-orange peel is a by-product used to produce recycled paper or often discarded, generating significant waste (FAPEAM, 2012). Since the peel accounts for approximately 30% of the fruit weight (Maravalhas, 1965), alternatives to promote the upcycling of this high volume of material are desirable. However,

Encapsulation of Rich-Carotenoids Extract from Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) Byproduct by a Combination of Spray Drying and Spray Chilling

“…According to previous studies on guaraná byproducts, the major carotenoids found in guaraná peels are all- trans - β -carotene, followed by cis - β -carotenes and lutein. However, environmental factors such as soil condition, weather, and ripening process may influence the composition of guaraná peels [ 4 ].…”

“…For carotenoid extraction, the peels were mixed with ethanol in a ratio of 1:10 (peel/solvent, w / v ). According to Pinho et al [ 4 ] ethanol presented ideal performance when extracting carotenoids from guaraná peels compared to other solvent systems tested (such as hexane and ethyl acetate). Furthermore, the use of ethanol as solvent was based on the fact that it is recognized as safe and is obtained from renewable sources.…”

“…The mixture was shaken using an orbital shaker (Orbital Shaker Marconi, MA420, Piracicaba, SP) for 4 h at 50 °C and centrifuged at 7168× g for 10 min [ 4 ]. Sunflower oil was added to the supernatant with a final concentration of 3% and thoroughly mixed to minimize carotenoid degradation (observed during preliminary experiments).…”

“…Previous studies have found that guaraná seeds and peels are rich in alkaloids (caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline), polyphenols (catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate), and carotenoids ( β -carotene and lutein) [ 3 , 4 ]. Carotenoids consist of natural pigments that are present in plants and other photosynthetic systems, and they are often used as food colorants.…”

Obtaining, encapsulation, and application of carotenoid-rich extract from guaraná peel (>i<Paullinia cupana>/i<)

“…A new insight into the oxidative mechanism of caffeine and related methylxanthines in aprotic medium: May caffeine be really considered as an antioxidant?. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-GeneralSubjects, 1862(8), 1781-1789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.05.011 Pinho, L. S., da Silva, M. P., Thomazini, M.,Cooperstone, J. L., Campanella, O. H., da Costa Rodrigues, C. E., & Favaro-Trindade, C. S. (2021). Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) by-product as a source of bioactive compounds and as a natural antioxidant for food applications.Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, e15854.…”