Low molecular mass chitosan as carrier for a hydrodynamically balanced system for sustained delivery of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride

Abstract

An important criterion in the selection of polymers as carriers for drug delivery is their metabolic fate in the body or biodegradation. Researchers have strived to engineer or discover polymeric materials. Practically limitless are combinations of these materials to regulate the physical and chemical properties of drug delivery systems, such as their permeability, environmental response, surface functionality, biodegradability, and biorecognition sites to produce »intelligent» drug delivery systems. Of these, chitosan has re- Chitosan has become a focus of major interest in recent years due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. Although this material has already been extensively investigated in the design of different types of drug delivery systems, it is still little explored for stomach specific drug delivery systems. The objective of the present investigation was to explore the potential of low molecular mass chitosan (LMCH) as carrier for a hydrodynamically balanced system (HBS) for sustained delivery of water soluble drug ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CP). Various formulations were prepared by physical blending of drug and polymer(s) in varying ratios followed by encapsulation into hard gelatin capsules. All the formulations remained buoyant in 0.1 mol L -1 HCl (pH 1.2) throughout the experiment. Effect of addition of xanthan gum (XG) or ethyl cellulose (EC) on drug release was also investigated. Zero order drug release was obtained from the formulations containing LMCH alone or in combination with XG, and in one instance also with EC. Our results suggest that LMCH alone or in combination with XG is an excellent material for stomach specific sustained delivery of CP from hydrodynamically balanced single unit capsules.

WITHDRAWN: Advances in pharmaceutical development of modified-release drug formulations and products

“…Single unit dosage forms primarily consist of drug particles of the same release profile while multi-unit dosage forms consist of different drug particles or same drug particles but of differing release profiles with respect to onset, rate and maximum release (Verma et al, 2012; Uhumwangho and Okor, 2008). In many instances, drug substances are at their most effective when blood plasma concentrations are maintained at constant levels within a therapeutic window or when applied to the target site directly (Figure 1).…”

Poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan cryogels as PH responsive ciprofloxacin carriers

“…Chitosan has been extensively investigated in the design of many different types of drug carriers for various administration routes such as oral, buccal, nasal, transdermal, parenteral, vaginal, cervical, intrauterine and rectal as well as in slowrelease floating or gastroretentive drug delivery systems [9,10]. Chitosan could be ideal for use in formulations intended to release drugs slowly in the stomach, since the gel formation by cationic chitosan is pronounced at acidic pH levels, resulting in retardant effects on drug release [11].…”

Formulation and investigation of crushed puffed rice-chitosan-HPMC based polymeric blends as carrier for sustained stomach specific drug delivery of piroxicam using 3(2) Taguchi mathematical design studies

“…In this investigation, swelling of the polymer resulted in an increase in bulk volume. The air entrapped resulted in density lesser than the utility, which ultimately leads to the buoyancy to the formulation without showing any lag time (Verma et al, 2012;Soni et al, 2016;Soni et al, 2017a) [ Table 13 and 14]. Drug release rate depends on the dissolution media penetration rate, swelling behaviour of the polymer, diffusion efflux of drug through the matrixes after erosion when it gets in contact with the dissolution media.…”

“…This formulation has two types of hydrogel-forming structure which comprises of HMWCH; ionic and CPR and HPMC K15M; non-ionic polymer. A given amount of force which is created by moving dissolution shaft, swelling of the ionic hydrogels will be more entropy favoured means as opposed by their non-ionic counterparts (Verma et al, 2012). Being cationic and non-ionic in nature, swelling of HMWCH, CPR and HPMC K15M in acidic dissolution media will be a more entropy favoured process, due to number of ions in the hydrogel structure increases, more osmotic and immobile electrostatic force developed inside the polymeric structure (Soni et al, 2017a).…”

“…Dosages form which follows zero order kinetics provides maximum therapeutic response with minimum side effects (Soni et al, 2017a;Verma et al, 2012).…”