Lilac and Horse Chestnut: Discovery and Rediscovery

Lack, H. Walter

doi:10.1111/1467-8748.00255

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Linnaeus () suggested that it was native to the northern regions of Asia, near the Himalayas, and North India was long regarded as its original home (Bean, ) and as late as 1837, Loudon () suggested North America. In 1795, John Hawkins almost certainly found natural stands in Greece, but these were only confirmed by Theodor von Heldreich in 1879 (Lack, , ).…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As recently as 1945, Howard () thought that horse‐chestnut might have been introduced via Iran, northern India or Tibet. However, it is now believed that horse‐chestnut was introduced to various parts of Europe by the Romans (Bradshaw, ) and that European diplomats came across the horse‐chestnut in Constantinople and seeds were sent to Prague in 1557 (Lack, ). These seeds were reportedly non‐viable, and it almost certainly reached western Europe from seedlings sent to Vienna, again from Constantinople, in 1576 (Bean, ; Leathart, ).…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These seeds were reportedly non‐viable, and it almost certainly reached western Europe from seedlings sent to Vienna, again from Constantinople, in 1576 (Bean, ; Leathart, ). It was first grown in central Europe, primarily Vienna, in the 16th century before being spread throughout Europe (Lack, ). It reached France in 1615, and many avenues were lined with horse‐chestnut trees (Loenhart, ).…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was first grown in central Europe, primarily Vienna, in the 16th century before being spread throughout Europe (Lack, 2000). It…”

Section: Chestnut Bleeding Cankermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Flora of the British Isles: Aesculus hippocastanum

et al. 2019

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This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Aesculus hippocastanum L. (horse‐chestnut) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation. Aesculus hippocastanum is a large deciduous tree native to the Balkan Peninsula. Native populations are small (<10,000 trees total) and apparently in decline, but the tree has been widely planted in gardens and streets across Europe and other temperate areas from the 17th century onwards. It was voted the UK's favourite tree in a 2017 poll. As a British neophyte, it is occasionally naturalised in open wooded habitats. Horse‐chestnut is renowned for the beauty of its large (up to 30 cm long), upright panicles of white flowers, and for the large seeds (up to 42 g each) used in the formerly common children's game of “conkers.” More recently, the triterpene glycosides, extractable from various plant parts but especially the seeds, have been widely used in medicine. In much of Europe, horse‐chestnut is affected by chestnut bleeding canker (caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi), the horse‐chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella and the leaf blotch fungus Guignardia aesculi. The canker is likely to lead to death of <10% individuals, but seeds of plants infested with the leaf miner are 40%–50% smaller, which may affect long‐term establishment in non‐planted areas.

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Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was first grown in central Europe, primarily Vienna, in the 16th century before being spread throughout Europe (Lack, 2000). It…”

Section: Chestnut Bleeding Cankermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Flora of the British Isles: Aesculus hippocastanum

et al. 2019

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“…50 S. vulgaris (Oleaceae) is a popular ornamental shrub or a small tree, native to the Balkans (Lack, 51 2001). It was first cultivated in Central Europe in the sixteenth century, but it quickly found its way 52 to gardens in Western Europe and later to gardens in temperate regions all over the world 53 (Lack, 2001). The precise identity of S. vulgaris accessions may be unknown and difficult to solve.…”

Section: Introduction 37mentioning

confidence: 99%

New microsatellite marker tools for genotype identification and analyses of genetic relationships in two ornamentals, the popular common lilac (Syringa vulgaris) and the invasive garden escapee Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera)

Korpelainen¹,

Pietiläinen²

2020

Preprint

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Nowadays, high-throughput sequencing technologies are widely available. Yet, it is practical to have an access to simpler and cheaper, yet effective low-throughput analyses as well. For that purpose, species-specific microsatellites, also called simple sequence repeats (SSR), are valuable, multi-purpose types of markers. In the present study, we introduce new sets of SSR markers for two ornamental plant species, the popular common lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) (16 markers) and the invasive garden escapee Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera Royle) (259 markers). The markers were developed as a by-product of a genotyping-by-sequencing project producing a large amount of DNA sequence data. Both the frequency of SSRs and the success rate for marker development were considerably greater in I. glandulifera when compared to S. vulgaris. The new markers will contribute to the characterization of germplasm and to other types of genetic analyses on these two species.

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Local Assessment of İstanbul: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Güneralp

Tezer

Albayrak³

2013

Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities

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İstanbul, with a population of over 13 million, is Turkey's most populated metropolitan area and the economic powerhouse of the country. The city is located in a region that has rich biodiversity due partly to its unique location at the crossroads of two continental landmasses and two large water bodies. The geographical characteristics and the city's topography allow for diverse micro-climatic zones to exist in a relatively small area, 5,461 km 2 . Moreover, due to millennia of human settlement including sixteen centuries as an imperial capital, many exotic species have found their way to the region. This assessment provides an overview of the main challenges and opportunities that İstanbul is faced with in regards to biodiversity conservation and support for the ecosystem services upon which the city depends, while simultaneously managing population growth and economic development. The assessment will also highlight the Ömerli Watershed, which supplies most of the city's drinking water. The watershed's freshwater provisioning capacity has been degrading due to urbanization in its catchment area, while the demand for water in the city overall has been increasing. An ecological-asset evaluation of the watershed has been carried out to develop an ecosystem services-based spatial decision-making framework. The evaluation is part of the urban biosphere reserve initiative that may be a solution to prevent further decrease of the watershed's biodiversity and degradation of its ecosystem services. Keywords Illegal settlements (gecekondus) • Urban watersheds • Ecosystem services • Freshwater • İstanbul

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Lilac and Horse Chestnut: Discovery and Rediscovery

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Aesculus hippocastanum

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Aesculus hippocastanum

New microsatellite marker tools for genotype identification and analyses of genetic relationships in two ornamentals, the popular common lilac (Syringa vulgaris) and the invasive garden escapee Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera)

Local Assessment of İstanbul: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

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