Local Assessment of İstanbul: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Güneralp, Burak; Tezer, Azime; Albayrak, İlke

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7088-1_16

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Among cities that represent important points of entry of alien species into the country, İstanbul with a population of almost 15 million is Turkey's most populated metropolitan area and the economic powerhouse of the country. Its geographical characteristics and topography allow for the existence of diverse microclimatic zones to exist in a relatively small area of 5,461 km 2 (Güneralp et al 2013). The 2,875-km long border of Turkey with its neighbours Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Greece and Bulgaria is associated with a high probability of entry and occurrence of alien plant species in habitats along adjacent roadside corridors that represent an important pathway for alien plants .…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Alien flora of Turkey: checklist, taxonomic composition and ecological attributes

Uludağ¹,

Aksoy²,

Yazlık³

et al. 2017

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The paper provides an updated checklist of the alien flora of Turkey with information on its structure. The alien flora of Turkey comprises 340 taxa, among which there are 321 angiosperms, 17 gymnosperms and two ferns. Of the total number of taxa, 228 (68%) are naturalized and 112 (32%) are casual. There are 275 neophytes (172 naturalized and 103 casual) and 61 archaeophytes (52 naturalized and 9 casual); four species could not be classified with respect to the residence time. In addition, 47 frequently planted taxa with a potential to escape are also listed. The richest families are Asteraceae (38 taxa), Poaceae (30), Fabaceae (23) and Solanaceae (22). As for the naturalized alien plants, the highest species richness is found in Asteraceae (31 taxa), Poaceae (22), Amaranthaceae (18) and Solanaceae (15). The majority of alien taxa are perennial (63.8% of the total number of taxa with this life history assigned, including those with multiple life histories), annuals contribute 33.8% and 2.4% are biennial aliens. Among perennials the most common life forms are phanerophytes, of which 20.3% are trees and 12.6% shrubs; woody vines, stem succulents, and aquatic plants are comparatively less represented. Most of the 340 alien taxa introduced to Turkey have their native ranges in Americas (44.7%) and Asia (27.6%). Of other regions, 9.1% originated in Africa, 4.4% in Eurasia, 3.8% in Australia and Oceania and 3.5% in the Mediterranean. The majority of taxa (71.9%) were introduced intentionally, whereas the remaining (28.1%) were introduced NeoBiotaAhmet Uludağ et al. / NeoBiota 35: 61-85 (2017) 62 accidentally. Among the taxa introduced intentionally, the vast majority are ornamental plants (55.2%), 10.0% taxa were introduced for forestry and 6.7% as crops. Casual alien plants are most commonly found in urban and ruderal habitats (40.1%) where naturalized taxa are also often recorded (27.3%). Plants that occur as agricultural weeds are typically naturalized rather than casual (16.0% vs 7.1%, respectively). However, (semi)natural habitats in Turkey are often invaded by alien taxa, especially by those that are able to naturalize.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Alien flora of Turkey: checklist, taxonomic composition and ecological attributes

Uludağ¹,

Aksoy²,

Yazlık³

et al. 2017

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“…Industrial development and demand for housing in cities has driven rapid conversion of surrounding land-use (Elmqvist et al, 2013;Yao et al, 2014), resulting in the loss of key ecosystem services including food production Poelmans and Van Rompaey, 2010); declines in native biodiversity (Eigenbrod et al, 2011;Güneralp et al, 2015;Güneralp and Seto, 2013;Zorrilla-Miras et al, 2014); and the pollution of air, water, and soil (Mendoza-Gonzalez et al, 2012). The impact of urbanization on ecosystem services has been quantified and valued for cities the world over (Baro et al, 2015;Cai et al, 2017;Elmqvist et al, 2013;Murayama, 2013, 2016;Güneralp et al, 2014;Hu et al, 2013;Kreuter et al, 2001;Li et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2012;Long et al, 2014;Radford and James, 2013;Su et al, 2014;Sudhira and Nagendra, 2014;Thiagarajah et al, 2015;Wu et al, 2013;Yi et al, 2017;Zank et al, 2016). Quantifying and valuing the impact of rapid urbanization on landuse and ecosystem services is essential to inform urban planning (Estoque and Murayama, 2013) and economic decision-making (Bateman et al, 2013) for economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable urban development (Elmqvist et al, 2015;Gomez-Baggethun and Barton, 2013;Haase et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in land-use and ecosystem services in the Guangzhou-Foshan Metropolitan Area, China from 1990 to 2010: Implications for sustainability under rapid urbanization

Bryan

Zhang

et al. 2018

Ecological Indicators

119

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Rapid urbanization is resulting in large-scale land-use conversion and the impact on ecosystem services value is a key issue for sustainability-particularly in China-a global urbanization hotspot. Impacts of land-use change on ecosystem services value in China have been varied, ranging from strong decreases to modest increases, suggesting that bespoke analyses are required to support local and regional planning for sustainability. We quantified land-use change and valued the impact on ecosystem services from 1990 -2010 in the rapidly urbanizing Guangzhou-Foshan Metropolitan Area, southern China. We quantified land-use change from Landsat satellite imagery and calculated the value of ecosystem services using the well-established unit-value transfer method. Over one quarter of the study area changed land-use between 1990 and 2010 with Built-up, Orchard, and Waterbody land-uses expanding, and Cropland and Forestland contracting. However, the net decline in ecosystem services value was only 4.4% (US$201.5 million). This modest overall decline masked more complex and extreme dynamics in the value of individual ecosystem services. Substantial declines in the value of gas regulation (US$115.4 million, -28%) soil formation and retention (US$90.5 million, -16%), and climate regulation (US$44.6 million, -8%), while waste treatment (US$68.5 million, +10%) and recreation and culture (US$45.7 million, +12%) increased in value. Decision analysis is required to support land-use planning to ensure the sustainability of ecosystem services for the wellbeing of the people of Guangzhou-Foshan and other rapidly urbanizing areas in China and globally.

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“…It must be noted that forests in Istanbul are an integral part of the urban form and their services are highly benefited by the inhabitants of Istanbul. Istanbul forests are known to provide vital benefits such as mediation of air quality that provides clean air to southern urban zones, pest control that provides natural protection for the agricultural zones around the forests, timber production, and recreational activities (Güneralp et al, 2013;Avcı, 2014). Thereof, loss of forests has much more meaning than spatial changes in Istanbul.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Infrastructure Developments on Ecosystem Services Potential in Istanbul

Menteşe

Tezer²

2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

Self Cite

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Istanbul has been subject to drastic spatial changes in the last decade due to major investments in the northern section of the city. The primary purpose of the research was to interpret the ecological outcomes of spatial use changes due to such urban development activities and enhance the environmental impact assessment process by adopting an analytical and holistic approach. The approach used in the analysis is based on a model called “matrix model” developed specifically to estimate ecosystem services (ES) capacity of a given area depending on the spatial use types. With the use of this method, one can estimate how spatial use influences ES capacity in positive or negative ways, which ES type is affected most, and which part of the spatial change causes most impact on ecological assets. The methodology is applied for three different investment projects in Istanbul, respectively: North Marmara Motorway (NMM), Istanbul Airport, and Canal Istanbul. While the first two have been mostly completed, the third is in the planning phase. Corine Land Cover datasets for 2012 and 2018 are used as basis datasets within the methodology, and spatial plans of Canal Istanbul are used for future projections. Based on these datasets, ES capacity analysis is carried out for each year for the area of investment, and estimation results are compared. The analysis results indicate that these investments have caused and will cause severe ES losses as expected. The outputs prove that the “matrix model” can be used to evaluate ecological impacts in a straightforward, efficient, and inclusive way for evaluating spatial changes. The authors suggest that environmental impact assessments for such major investments must represent a comprehensive outlook based on more simplistic but yet informative approaches that highlight the potential losses of not only ecological assets but also their functions and benefits. In this context, it is strongly recommended that there is a paradigm shift in the understanding of the “environmental impact” in a direction where environment is not acted upon as a solid, rigid, and stable “land cover” but instead a living organism that produces benefits and services for the whole components of the ecosystem on earth, including humankind.

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Local Assessment of İstanbul: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Alien flora of Turkey: checklist, taxonomic composition and ecological attributes

Alien flora of Turkey: checklist, taxonomic composition and ecological attributes

Changes in land-use and ecosystem services in the Guangzhou-Foshan Metropolitan Area, China from 1990 to 2010: Implications for sustainability under rapid urbanization

Impacts of Infrastructure Developments on Ecosystem Services Potential in Istanbul

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