Isolation and Characterization of a Pathogenic Newcastle Disease Virus from a Natural Case in Indonesia

Abstract

ABSTRACT. This study was performed to isolate a velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain currently found in Indonesia for establishing a domestic reference virus for future pathological and molecular epidemiological studies. A chicken suspected to have contracted Newcastle disease (ND) in a local outbreak in Bali was selected for NDV isolation. Atrophy of lymphoid tissues such as the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen; intestinal haemorrhage; and oedema of the brain were observed in the chicken. Histopathological examination revealed severe non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis characterised by neuronal necrosis, multifocal to diffuse gliosis, and perivascular cuffing of mononuclear cells, hemorrhagic necrosis of the trachea, intestines and bursa of Fabricius, and various degree of lymphoid depletion and necrosis of the lymphoid tissues. After ND was confirmed immunohistochemically, the NDV was propagated by inoculating tissue homogenate of the diseased chicken in embryonated eggs. Phylogenetic analysis based on the F gene nucleotide sequence revealed that this isolate belonged to genotype VII. The deduced amino acid sequence of the isolated NDV F protein at the cleavage site was 112 RRQKRF 117, which is typically found in virulent NDV isolates. Pathogenicity indexes such as the mean death time (MDT) and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) were 54 hr and 1.77, respectively. Pathological findings, phylogenetic analysis, amino acid sequence of the F protein cleavage site, and pathogenicity index test results revealed the NDV isolate, designated as NDV/ Bali-1/07, to be a novel Indonesian velogenic NDV strain belonging to group VII.KEY WORDS: Bali-1/07, LaSota, Newcastle disease virus, pathogenicity, velogenic strain.

Tracing the origins of genotype VIIh Newcastle disease in southern Africa

“…Genotype VIIh emerged in South‐East Asia and has since been identified as the cause of outbreaks in poultry in Malaysia since 2004 (Choi et al., ; Tan, Omar, Aini, Yusoff, & Tan, ), Indonesia since 2007 (Adi, Astawa, Putra, Hayashi, & Matsumoto, ; Xiao et al., ), southern China since 2011 (Xie et al., ), Vietnam since 2011 (Choi et al., ) and Cambodia since 2011 (Choi et al., ). The intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) in day‐old chicks was measured at 1.81–1.86 out of a maximum score of 2.0, confirming the high virulence of numerous genotype VIIh strains (Choi et al., ).…”

Genotype Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Commercial Chicken Flocks in West Java, Indonesia

“…Genotype VII became more prevalent in this region, which is further divided into eight sub-genotypes (VIIa-VIIh). The sub-genotype VIIh which circulated between 2009-2012 in Indonesia, Cambodia, and China is most closely related to the Indonesia/Bali/01/2007 strain (Adi et al, 2010). The new sub-genotype VIIi is closely related to earlier isolates from Indonesia and with isolates collected in Pakistan and Israel.…”

Muscovy Duck Parvovirus Infection with Epicarditis in Bali, Indonesia

“…The high mortality initially led to a suspicion of AIV of H5N1 subtype. Both NDV and AIV are endemic throughout Indonesia, including in Bali [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. NDV, but not AIV, was successfully confirmed using egg culture, serology, and RT-PCR (not shown).…”