Aim:This research was conducted to differentiate and characterize eight Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates collected from vaccinated chicken at commercial flocks in West Java, Indonesia, in 2011, 2014 and 2015 by pathotype specific primers.Materials and Methods:A total of eight NDV isolates collected from clinical outbreaks among commercial vaccinated flocks in West Java, Indonesia, in 2011, 2014, and 2015 were used in this study. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect and differentiate virulence of NDV strains, using three sets of primers targeting their M and F gene. First primers were universal primers to detect NDV targeting matrix (M) gene. Other two sets of primers were specific for the fusion (F) gene cleavage site sequence of virulent and avirulent NDV strains.Results:Our results showed that three isolates belong to NDV virulent strains, and other five isolates belong to NDV avirulent strains. The nucleotide sequence of the F protein cleavage site showed 112K/R-R-Q/R-K-R/G-F117 on NDV virulent strains and 112G-K/R-Q-G-R-L117 on NDV avirulent strain.Conclusion:Result from the current study suggested that NDV virulent strain were circulating among vaccinated chickens in West Java, Indonesia; this might possess a risk of causing ND outbreaks and causing economic losses within the poultry industry.

PENDAHULUANAyam merupakan ternak yang penting dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan protein hewani masyarakat. Permintaan terhadap daging ayam semakin bertambah seiring dengan meningkatnya penghasilan dan kesadaran penduduk akan pentingnya protein hewani. Salah satu sumber protein hewani asal ternak yang dapat difasilitasi ketersediaannya adalah melalui budidaya ayam broiler. Pada budidaya ayam broiler, biaya pakan merupakan komponen terbesar, yaitu hampir 70% dari total biaya keseluruhan biaya pemeliharaan. Ayam broiler membutuhkan ransum yang berkualitas

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Aim:This research was conducted to produce and characterize ND antibody as reagent candidate to develop a rapid immunodiagnostic test tool.Materials and Methods:Four New Zealand White rabbits were used in this study and divided into two groups. First group was injected by Sato ND antigen, and second group was injected by genotype VII ND antigen. This study is divided into three steps: (a) ND antibody production, (b) ND antibody purification, and (c) ND antibody characterization. First group was rabbit injected by Sato NDV (5×108.25 egg lethal doses (ELD)50/ml) and second group was injected by genotype VII NDV (5×106.5 ELD50/ml). Antigen induction was performed by subcutaneous administrated for first (day 1) and second (day 14) injection and intravenous administrated for third (day 30) injection. Blood was collected on day 8 after third injection.Results:Antibody production increased on second antigen injection and reached a peak on day 9 after second antigen injection. Sato and genotype VII ND antibody can be produced without adjuvant within 38 days with the highest titer 210. Based on antibody titer data, both antigens induced antibody production in a similar trend. The characterization antibody by SDS-PAGE indicated that molecular weight of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is 154.93 kDa (whole IgG), heavy chain 54.39 kDa, and light chain 27.74 kDa. ND antibodies have specificity to homologous and heterologous NDVs in varying virulence.Conclusion:Sato and genotype VII ND antibodies have been successfully produced within 38 days without adjuvant. Specificity of ND antibodies to NDVs in varying virulence and cross-reaction between Sato ND antibody and genotype VII ND antibody indicates that the characterized ND antibodies can be used as a reagent to develop rapid immunodiagnostic test tools.

Objective: This study aimed to produce hyperimmune serum against genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) with several applications. Materials and Methods: Production of hyperimmune serum against genotype VII NDV was performed on eight New Zealand white rabbits divided into four groups. Rabbits were immunized three times on the 1st day, the 14th day, and the 30th day. Blood sampling was carried out on the 8th day after the third immunization. Results: All groups showed the same pattern of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer results. HI titers would peak on the 5th or the 9th day after the second immunization, then decrease until the 3rd day after the third immunization, and increase again on the 5th day after the third immu¬nization. Rabbits immunized intravenously showed higher HI titers than the other groups. These results indicate that the intravenous route for hyperimmune serum production against genotype VII Newcastle disease virus greatly affects the immune response result. Conclusions: The production of hyperimmune serum by intravenous immunization three times was able to produce the highest titer of 210 at 38 days. The agar gel precipitation test and the Western blot assay showed that the hyperimmune serum was specific for the Newcastle disease antigen.

Broiler is been developed anymal as a source of animal protein needs. Various feed additif given to broiler to spur additional growth as well as feed and medicine. One of the diseases that are immunosuppressed chickens is coccidiosis. Chickens infected with coccidiosis will show symptoms of diarrhea, emaciation and intestinal damage simultaneously, thus reducing the rate of growth in chickens. With the ability of anti-diarrhea and anti-inflammatory turmeric is expected to be an alternative for the treatment and prevention of coccidiosis in particular and general gastrointestinal disease in chickens. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of ginger are extracted with solvent water to the broiler performance infected by Eimeria maxima. The results showed that administration of turmeric extraction with ethanol can increase body weight gain, feed efficiency and lower feed conversion value is better than giving solvent extraction of turmeric with water. turmeric extraction with ethanol was not effect to blood diferentiation but decrease level of total cholesterol, trigliserida, HDL, dan LDL on serum Keywords: performance, broiler, Eimeria maxima, turmeric

The purpose of this study was to test the activity of turmeric as an antioxidant which is believed to be a traditional Indonesian medicine as an antioxidant therapy in broiler chickens. The study was carried out with a completely randomized design (CRD) using 100 broiler chickens distributed into 3 treatments with 5 replications and 5 each replicate. The treatments are control, commercial feed, ascorbic acid group (commercial feed and addition of ascorbic acid 60 mg per day) and turmeric group (commercial feed and addition of turmeric dose 500 mg per kg body weight. Data were analysed using variance analysis (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan’s multiple range analysis. The result shows that addition of ascorbic acid 60 mg per tail per day and turmeric 500 mg per kg was not able to increase the bodyweight gain of chicken with 30 days maintenance but were able to increase the composition of the meat in the chest and thighs and reduce the total cholesterol level of broilers.

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious disease of poultry worldwide, caused by Newcastle Disease virus (NDV), also known as Avian Paramyxovirus Type1. Newcastle disease virus is responsible for causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry in Southeast Asia including Indonesia. Despite vaccination, outbreaks of ND in vaccinated chicken flocks in Indonesia have been regularly reported. Although the current vaccines are substantially effective, they do not completely prevent infection, virus shedding and disease. The emergence of new virulent genotypes implies that distinct genotypes of NDV are simultaneously evolving at different geographic locations across the globe. The genomic diversity of NDV increases the possibility of diagnostic failures, resulting in unidentified infections. Our study aim to determine the genotype of isolates and to find out phylogeny relationship among NDV isolates compared with other NDV published on the GeneBank. Four characterized isolates used in this study were obtained from the repository of the Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University. Two isolates belong to virulent NDV strain and other two isolates belong to avirulent NDV strain.A set of primer NDV-F-Forward 5'-ATG GGC TCC AAA CCT TCT AC-3' and NDV-F-Reverse 5'-TTG TAG TGG CTC TCA TC -3' were used to generate an amplicon targeting 1662 bp. Phylogenetic analyses of the F gene revealed that NDV/Ck/BGR/011 and NDV/Ck/GS/014 belong to genotype VII (sub) genotype (VIIh and VIIi) and NDV/Ck/CJR/015 and NDV/Ck/BGR/015 belong to genotype II. Our study revealed that NDV virulent strains which belong to genotype VII (sub) genotype (VIIh and VIIi) were circulating among vaccinated chicken flocks in West Java, Indonesia. ND outbreaks among vaccinated flocks, suggesting that vaccination strategies not effective in controlling the virus yet.